Stochastic Computational Electromagnetics: Fundamental Aspects and Advanced Applications

计算电磁学的研究一直致力于模拟任意复杂但定义良好的结构。然而，一些前沿研究领域，特别是等离子体和纳米技术，所使用的设备越来越受到制造工艺变化的影响。此外，虽然电磁模拟器现在能够模拟大规模的无线传播问题，但它们仍然受到室内和城市环境固有的统计变异性的限制。总的来说，强大的电磁模拟工具的发展，有效地结合了统计不确定性，必然会对技术进步的步伐产生深远的影响，涉及重大的研究挑战，如设计低成本而高效的太阳能电池，开发用于癌症检测和治疗的生物医学仪器，以及无线服务规划。

Research on computational electromagnetics has been dedicated to the simulation of arbitrarily complex yet well-defined structures. However, several cutting-edge research areas, notably plasmonics and nanotechnology, employ devices that are increasingly subject to fabrication process variability. Moreover, while electromagnetic simulators are now able to model large-scale wireless propagation problems, they are still limited by the inherent statistical variability of indoor and urban environments. In general, the development of powerful electromagnetic simulation tools that effectively incorporate statistical uncertainty is bound to have a far-reaching impact on the pace of technology advancement with respect to grand research challenges such as the design of low-cost yet efficient solar cells, the development of biomedical instrumentation for cancer detection and treatment, and wireless service planning.