Exploration of stress responsive alleles in barley through transposons

资金要求建立一个研究计划，旨在了解新的压力反应基因在栽培和原始大麦的功能。生物和非生物胁迫对作物物种构成重大威胁，在世界范围内造成严重的产量损失。大麦地方品种和野生种代表了几种胁迫相关基因的巨大变异来源，这些基因可以渗入改良品种，排除不利和未进化的性状。这需要鉴定新的胁迫响应基因以产生对生物和非生物胁迫具有更好耐受性的植物。玉米Ac/Ds转座子系统已成功地用于异源植物物种的基因克隆诱变。利用该系统在栽培大麦中，我们观察到重要的盐响应Ds突变体的表型，为我们提供了一个有价值的资源，基因鉴定和表征。随着Ac/Ds玉米转座子系统在栽培大麦中的功能性和Ds转座子对插入基因或其附近基因的偏好性的证明，现在有可能将Ac/Ds系统导入野生大麦中以探索其在胁迫相关基因中的天然多样性。本研究建立了野生大麦的组织培养和遗传转化体系。这使得我们在野生大麦转座子标签方面的工作非常有前途。我们将引入H. spontaneum是一种基于转座子的激活标签系统，可用于克服基因冗余。 总之，这些努力将导致可能的实际应用的胁迫耐受性，鉴定独特的胁迫响应基因，更好地了解多种非生物胁迫耐受性调节，包括潜在的遗传机制的压力适应栽培大麦和野生大麦。

Funds are requested for the establishment of a research program aimed at understanding the function of novel stress responsive genes in cultivated and primitive barley. Biotic and abiotic stresses pose major threats to crop species, causing heavy yield losses worldwide. Barley landraces and wild species represent a large source of variation for several stress related genes that could be introgressed into improved varieties, excluding adverse and un-evolved traits. This requires the identification of novel stress responsive genes to generate plants for better tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The maize Ac/Ds transposon system has been successfully utilized for mutagenesis in heterologous plant species for gene cloning. Using this system in cultivated barley, we observed important salt responsive Ds mutants phenotypes, providing us a valuable resource for gene identification and characterization. With the demonstrated functionality of the Ac/Ds maize transposon system in cultivated barley and the Ds transposon predilection for insertion in or near genes, it is now possible to introduce the Ac/Ds system into wild barley to explore its natural diversity in stress related genes. We have recently developed a tissue culture and transformation system for wild barley, H. spontaneum which makes our efforts for transposon tagging in wild barley highly promising. We will introduce into H. spontaneum, a transposon-based activation tagging system which is useful to overcome gene redundancy. Taken together, these efforts will lead to possible practical applications for stress tolerance, identification of unique stress responsive genes, better understanding of multiple abiotic stress tolerance regulation including underlying genetic mechanisms of stress adaptation in cultivated and wild barley.