Protecting stainless steel surfaces using ppm levels of sulfur compounds during ethylene production

乙烯的年产量超过1亿吨，是石化工业生产的最大的化学原料之一。在北美，从乙烯中获得的主要产品是广泛使用的聚乙烯，NOVA化学公司在加拿大阿尔伯塔经营着世界上最大的乙烯和聚乙烯综合体。乙烯是由各种碳氢化合物的高温蒸汽裂解产生的，乙烷是首选。不幸的是，焦炭（固体形式的碳）是作为副产品生产的，这会降低生产效率，通过更高的能源消耗增加生产成本，并且不可避免地导致工厂停工，以清除焦炭和更换高温腐蚀损坏的金属基础设施。特别是不锈钢管的金属粉尘会导致高压燃气管线的灾难性失效。众所周知，碳氢化合物进料中各种硫的低水平可以随着时间的推移减少焦炭积聚和金属粉尘的严重程度，但保护水平高度依赖于硫的数量和类型，以及碳氢化合物进料的组成和它在炉子热区停留的时间长度。通过与NOVA合作，我们将对这些因素之间的关系进行一系列新的研究，这些研究近似于在500-1000℃下不同停留时间下钢在乙烷、蒸汽和硫物质中的热区暴露。在培训学生的过程中，加拿大缺乏合格的人才，这些信息将用于通过精确选择正确的硫种类和最佳浓度/条件来产生解决方案，从而最大限度地减少焦化和钢铁腐蚀。这项研究将对加拿大的许多行业产生重大影响，这些行业依赖于暴露在高温碳氢化合物反应中的金属，如钢铁，无论是在制定预防措施方面，还是在气体碳氢化合物动力学、表面反应、金属腐蚀、表面和材料表征等各个领域的技术培训方面。

With well over 100 million tonnes produced annually in the world, ethylene is one of the largest chemical feedstocks produced by the petrochemical industry. In North America, a primary product obtained from ethylene is the widely used polyethylene, and NOVA Chemicals Corporation operates the largest ethylene and polyethylene complexes in the world in Alberta, Canada. Ethylene is produced by high temperature steam cracking of a variety of hydrocarbons, with ethane being preferred. Unfortunately, coke (solid forms of carbon) is produced as a bi-product, which decreases production efficiency, increases production costs through higher energy use, and inevitably leads to plant down-time to remove coke and replace high temperature corrosion damaged metal infrastructure. In particular, metal dusting of stainless steel tubing can lead to catastrophic failure of high pressure gas lines. It is known in the industry that low levels of a variety of sulfur species in the hydrocarbon feed can reduce the severity of coke build-up and metal dusting over time, but the level of protection is highly dependent on the amount and type of sulfur species, as well as the composition of the hydrocarbon feed and the length of time it remains in the hot zone of the furnace. In collaboration with NOVA, we will develop a significantly better understanding of the relationship between these factors by performing a series of novel studies that approximates the hot zone exposure of the steel to ethane, steam, and sulfur species with varied residence times at 500-1000oC. In the course of training students in a field where qualified people in Canada are scarce, this information will be used to generate solutions through precise selection of the right sulfur species and optimum concentration/conditions such that coking and steel corrosion is minimized. This research will have significant ramifications in a wide variety of Canadian industries that rely on metals such as steel that are exposed to high temperature hydrocarbon reactions, both in terms of developing preventative measures, as well as technical training in a variety of areas including gaseous hydrocarbon kinetics, surface reactions, metal corrosion and surface and material characterization.