Comprehensive urban spill management planning framework

最近墨西哥湾的石油泄漏引起了公众对泄漏的关注。虽然对海洋泄漏进行了大量的研究工作，但对城市土地泄漏影响我们附近的空气、土壤和水的研究几乎没有。申请人自1998年以来开发了安大略省南部城市溢油数据库，并进行了一系列应用研究，以解决溢油的预防、控制和应对问题。鉴于最近对安大略省五大湖水质和水源保护的关注，申请人建议制定一个综合的城市溢水管理框架，预测溢水的发生及其对接收地表水的影响，并制定溢水管理方案，以保护地表水的质量。研究方法包括(a)汇编安大略省南部最新的城市溢油数据库；(b)发展随机溢油模型，以预测溢油的发生和数量；(c)制订水质模型，以预测河流和湖泊泄漏的命运；(d)制订接收地表水泄漏的风险分析模型；(5)开发基于网络的地理信息系统框架，以协助制定保护地表水水质的溢漏管理计划。根据现行的《安大略省水源保护法》，每个城市必须制定一项水源保护计划，以解决各种污染源。五大湖的许多关注地区已经确定泄漏是一个主要污染源，必须进行风险分析。城市溢水管理框架将使这些城市能够对其源水域的溢水污染进行风险分析，并根据接收水域的水质违规风险制定溢水管理计划。

The recent oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has drawn up public concern over spills. While numerous research works have been performed on ocean spills, there is hardly any research of urban land spills which affect the air, soil, and water of our neighbourhood. The applicant has developed an urban spill database of southern Ontario since 1998 and conducted a series of applied research to address spill prevention, control, and response. With the recent concern over the Great Lakes water quality and source water protection in Ontario, the applicant proposes to develop a comprehensive urban spill management framework which predicts the occurrence of spills and their impacts on receiving surface waters and formulates spill management alternatives for surface water quality protection. The research methodology comprises (a) compilation of an up-to-date urban spill database in southern Ontario; (b) development of stochastic spill models to predict the occurrence and mass of spills; (c) formulation of water quality models to predict the fate of spills in rivers and lakes; (d) development of risk analysis models for spills in receiving surface waters; and (5) development of a web-based Geograhic Information System framework to assist the development of spill management plans for surface water quality protection. Under the current Ontario Source Water Protection Act, each municipality must develop a source water protection plan which addresses various pollution sources. Spills have been identified by many Areas of Concern in the Great Lakes to be a major pollution source and risk analysis must be performed. The urban spill management framework will enable these municipalities to conduct risk analyses of spill pollution to their source waters and develop spill management plans based on risks of water quality violation at receiving waters.