Fungal morphogenesis and environmental response

曲霉，一种霉菌，是一种无性真菌，对人类有好有坏的影响。一些物种用于生物技术，但许多也是机会性的人类病原体，引起病态疾病。丝状真菌细胞，被称为菌丝，被细胞壁包围、支撑和保护，使它们能够穿透和探索周围环境，寻找营养物质。菌丝是管状的，只生长在它们的尖端，在那里它们分泌成壁物质。菌丝壁在细胞和环境之间形成多孔界面。墙体的组成、结构和功能是相互依存的。与所有真菌一样，曲霉的细胞壁约85%是碳水化合物，其中大部分是动物所没有的类型。壁生物合成途径可以成为抗真菌药物的靶点。

Aspergillus, a mould, is an asexual fungus that impacts humanity for good and ill. Some species are used in biotechnology, but many are also opportunistic human pathogens causing morbid disease. Filamentous fungal cells, called hyphae, are surrounded, supported, and protected by cell walls that enable them to penetrate and explore their surroundings in search of nutrients. Hyphae are tubular and grow only at their tips, where they secrete wall-forming materials. The hyphal wall forms a porous interface between the cell and its environment. Wall composition, structure and function are inter-dependent. As in all fungi, the Aspergillus wall is ~85% carbohydrate, mostly types not found in animals. Wall biosynthesis pathways can be anti-fungal drug targets.