Architecture and Automation Techniques for Resilient Computer Systems

自现代计算出现以来，减轻计算机系统故障一直是一个挑战，但许多因素现在正在融合，使得弹性（系统在由于制造缺陷或现场故障而出现故障时的操作能力）现在是一流的设计约束。半导体规模化使得计算机进入我们生活的方方面面成为可能。缩放使得集成电路的导线和晶体管越来越微型化，不幸的是，这也使得它们越来越容易受到无数故障源的影响：小的、低功率的、高性能的器件往往容易出现缺陷，容易受到瞬态错误的影响，并且容易受到性能下降以及早期完全击穿的影响。 如果不解决复原力问题，由此产生的成本将限制新产品的推出，并危及信息技术经济所依赖的稳定增长。

Mitigating computer system failure has been a challenge since the dawn of modern computing, but a number of factors are now converging such that resilience (a system's capacity to operate in the presence of failure due to manufacturing defect or faults in the field) is now a first-class design constraint. Semiconductor scaling has made it possible to introduce computers into every aspect of our lives. Scaling, which makes the wires and transistors of integrated circuits increasingly miniature, unfortunately also makes them increasingly vulnerable to myriad sources of failure: small, low-power, high-performance devices tend to be defect-prone, susceptible to transient error, and vulnerable to performance degradation as well as early total breakdown. If resilience is not addressed, the resulting costs will limit the introduction of new products and jeopardize the steady growth on which the information technology economy depends.