Passive constructed wetlands and small municipal wastewater systems. An approach for meeting national effluent regulations.

加拿大的市政当局有各种处理和排放废水的方法。 其中一种技术是使用被动式废物稳定池（WSP）来处理和抛光废水。 这种方法是现有的能源密集度最低的处理方法之一，可以想象，它有可能是成本最低的。 然而，传统的WSP通常具有某些性能问题，这使得它们的性能更加可变。 为了克服与这些问题相关的担忧，需要进一步研究以开发能量和成本有效的WSP处理系统。本项目的研究目标是：（一）对典型的温带气候污水WSP系统的背景物理、化学和生物条件进行广泛的表征;（二）设计和创建一个新的自然衰减人工湿地系统，以提高现有WSP的性能，使用加拿大本土湿地物种，这些物种具体到目标一中实现的表征;以及（III）在两年的时间内进行密集的监测计划，以记录和评估结合WSP和人工湿地系统的能力，以实现其预期的作用，提高污水质量。要研究的WSP系统是指那些在安大略使用五大湖衍生的市政供水系统，虽然调查结果预计将直接适用于整个加拿大的管辖区。 该项目预计将通过提供加拿大系统中存在的化学、物理和生物相互作用中的自然衰减的证据基础，对利用自然被动系统处理和抛光来自水处理项目环境的废水的最新技术水平做出重大贡献。 预计将提供答案和/或指导，许多城市面临昂贵的升级困境老化或不足的废水水处理系统，而在同一时间，预计通过该项目开发的知识可以转移到行业，使未来的水处理和人工湿地的发展可以遵循循证方法，一个导致有效的处理系统。

Canadian municipalities have a variety of processing options to treat and discharge wastewater. One such technique is the use of passive waste stabilization ponds (WSP) for the treatment and polishing of wastewater. This method is one of the least energy intensive treatment options available and, conceivably, has the potential to be the least costly. However, conventional WSPs often have certain performance issues which have made their performance more variable. In order to overcome concerns associated with these issues, further research is required to develop energy and cost efficient WSP treatment systems can be brought forward. The research objectives of this project are to (I) conduct an extensive characterization of the background physical, chemical and biological conditions found with a typical, temperate-climate sewage WSP system; (II) design and create a new, natural attenuation constructed wetland system to augment the performance of an existing WSP, using native Canadian wetland species which are specific to the characterizations realized in objective I; and (III) undertake an intensive monitoring program over a two year period to document and assess the ability of the combined WSP and constructed wetland system to fulfill its intended role to enhance effluent quality. The WSP system to be studied is indicative of those in Ontario using Great Lakes' derived municipal water systems, although the findings are expected to be either directly applicable to jurisdictions across Canada. This project is expected to make a substantial contribution to the state of the art in using natural passive systems to treat and polish wastewater from a WSP setting by providing the evidence base for natural attenuation within the chemical, physical and biological interplays present in Canadian systems. It is expected to provide answers and/or guidance to many municipalities facing costly upgrade dilemmas for aging or inadequate wastewater WSP systems while at the same time, it is anticipated that the knowledge developed through this project can be transferred to industry so that future WSP and constructed wetland development can follow an evidence-based method, one which leads to effective treatment systems.