Devices and procedures to quantify radiation quality effects in radiotherapy

放射治疗的目的是使用放射线来破坏肿瘤细胞，使其死亡（坏死）或无法繁殖（无菌）。为了控制输送给患者的辐射量，已经提出了几个物理或生物量，并且这些物理或生物量是常规使用的。虽然放射治疗中最相关的量可能是细胞死亡的量度，但目前接受的量是水的物理吸收剂量（每单位质量水沉积的能量）。

The goal of radiation therapy is to use radiation to damage tumor cells to an extent that they are either dead (necrotic), or not viable to reproduce (sterile). To control the amount of radiation delivered to the patient, several physical or biological quantities have been suggested and are routinely in use. Although perhaps the most relevant quantity in radiotherapy would be a measure of cell death, the current accepted quantity is physical absorbed dose to water (energy deposited per unit mass of water).