Municipal waste water effluent impact on native fish: mechanisms of action and BIOMIC signatures

卡尔加里的经济增长导致人口稳步增长，这是弓河污染物的主要来源。三个城市污水处理厂排放的污水（MWWE）中含有混合的化学物质，包括非处方药和处方药。这是令人担忧的，因为一些药物，包括抗精神病药物，是专门设计用于在极低浓度下对人类产生快速作用的，但它们对非目标鱼类的影响目前尚不清楚。鉴于不受控制的药物排放到河流中，预计随着人口老龄化而增加，我们必须彻底了解药物足迹及其对本地水生生物群的相关影响。我们提出的研究是制定保护生态系统健康、维持生物多样性和我们所依赖的生态系统服务的解决方案的关键途径的一部分。我们提出了一种系统生物学方法，使用定量技术来测量整体基因、蛋白质、代谢物和表观遗传变化，以构建鱼肝脏中的生物网络，作为MWWE暴露造成的长期和代际影响的模型。我们基于暴露效应的模型将进一步通过测量表型变化来补充，包括多代本地鱼类的应激和繁殖性能。对本地鱼类的药物足迹、基于性能的表型和生物网络模型构建的详细评估将为MWWE影响和新出现的污染物的作用模式提供关键的基线信息。这

Calgary's economic growth has created a steadily expanding population, which is a major source of contaminants to the Bow River. Three municipal wastewater treatment plants discharge effluents (MWWE) that include a cocktail of chemicals, including over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and prescription drugs. This is of concern because some pharmaceuticals, including antipsychotic drugs, are designed specifically to have rapid effects in humans at very low concentrations, but the effect they may have on non-target fish species is currently unknown. Given the uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals into rivers, which is projected to increase as the human population ages, it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the pharmaceutical footprints and the associated impact on the native aquatic biota. The studies we propose are part of the critical path to develop solutions to protect ecosystem health, maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services upon which we depend. We propose a systems biology approach that uses quantitative techniques to measure global gene, protein, metabolite and epigenetic changes to construct biological networks in fish liver as a model for long-term and generational impacts due to MWWE exposure. Our exposure effects-based model will be further complemented by measurement of phenotypic changes, including stress and reproductive performances of native fish across multiple generations. This detailed appraisal of pharmaceutical footprints, performance-based phenotypes and construction of biological network models in native fish will provide critical baseline information on MWWE impact and the mode of action of emerging contaminants. This