Examinations of memory and decision-based processes in recognition memory

建议的研究涉及与个体事件发生记忆(物品信息)和个体事件之间关系记忆(关联信息)相关的问题。项目和联想信息是学习和记忆的基本构件。 识别性能是根据参与者正确识别旧物品或旧物品对的次数比例(命中率)和参与者错误地将新物品或物品对识别为旧物品或新物品对的比例(虚警率)来衡量的。之前的研究表明，一些变量会增加命中率，而不会影响虚警率。其他变量增加了命中率，也降低了虚警率。还有其他变量会增加命中率和误警率。我的长期研究目标是开发一个全面的认知记忆账户，为决定这些不同结果的因素提供一个原则性的解释。 识别决定可以基于对先前经历的特定细节的记忆(即回忆)，或者在没有回忆的情况下基于强烈的熟悉感。认同感也受一个人说“老”的意愿或一个人的决策标准的影响。拟议研究的直接目标是：(A)区分识别决定在更大程度上是基于熟悉度的条件，还是更多地基于对先前经验的具体细节的回忆的条件；以及(B)区分基于记忆的和基于决策的对识别绩效的影响。这些目标将通过关注项目和联想识别记忆的不同现象的实验研究来实现。作为一个例子，我计划通过在研究中以真实世界场景的照片为背景，展示需要记住的单词，来检验语境对识别记忆的影响。这一程序将使我能够调查旧的背景如何支持识别决定，以及与旧的背景相似的新背景如何基于背景传达的熟悉感产生似曾相识的体验。

The proposed research concerns questions related to memory for the occurrence of individual events (item information) and memory for relations between individual events (associative information). Item and associative information are the fundamental building blocks of learning and memory. Recognition performance is measured in terms of the proportion of times participants correctly identify an old item or pair of items (the hit rate) and the proportion of times participants incorrectly identify a new item or pair as old (the false alarm rate). Previous research has shown that some variables increase the hit rate without affecting the false alarm rate. Other variables increase the hit rate and also decrease the false alarm rate. Still other variables can increase both the hit and false alarm rates. My long-term research goal is to develop a comprehensive account of recognition memory that provides a principled explanation of the factors that determine these different outcomes. Recognition decisions can be based on memory for specific details of a prior experience (i.e., recollection), or be based on strong feelings of familiarity in the absence of recollection. Recognition is also influenced by one's willingness to say old, or one's decision criterion. The immediate goals of the proposed research are to (a) distinguish between conditions in which recognition decisions are based to a greater extent on familiarity, or based more on recollection of specific details of a prior experience; and (b) distinguish between memory-based and decision-based influences on recognition performance. These goals will be realized through experimental studies that focus on different phenomena of item and associative recognition memory. As one example, I plan to examine the effects of context on recognition memory by presenting to-be-remembered words against the background of photographs of real-world scenes at study. This procedure will allow me to investigate how old contexts support recognition decisions, and how new contexts that are similar to old contexts give rise to a déjà vu experience based on a sense of familiarity conveyed by the context.