Improving aviation safety through airport design

为了保护和保证飞机的安全运行，机场的设计符合安全标准，包括从跑道到周围环境的虚拟表面。这些表面通常延伸到机场财产之外，旨在成为从地面突出的障碍物的上限，从而为在机场上方和附近飞行的飞机提供保护空间。 加拿大现行的机场设计标准是以国际民用航空组织（ICAO）的标准为基础的，加拿大是ICAO的成员国。从历史上看，加拿大在国际民航组织中发挥了主导作用，不仅是国际民航组织的东道国-国际民航组织总部设在魁北克省蒙特利尔-而且还为国际民航组织标准的制定提供了重要的技术贡献。 国际民航组织的机场设计标准最初是在20世纪40年代制定的，1951年出版了芝加哥公约附件14。从那时起，它经历了几次审查和修订，现在是第四版。然而，这些标准中的大多数仍然基于20世纪40年代存在的飞机技术。从那时起，不仅技术得到了发展，而且机场的需求也成倍增长，并且被城市所包围，这使得扩建变得极其困难和昂贵。 这项研究将评估现有机场设计标准的有效性和适用性，并在现有标准不适用于目前服役的飞机时提出新的标准。预期的结果是机场设计标准，保持或提高目前的安全水平，在飞机运行，同时允许更有效地利用土地和周围的机场财产。

In order to protect and guarantee the safe operation of aircraft, airports are designed to safety standards that include virtual surfaces emanating from the runways to its surroundings. Such surfaces, which often extend beyond the airport property, are meant to be the upper limit for obstacles protruding from the ground, thus providing a protected space for aircraft flying above and near the airport. The existing airport design standards applied in Canada are based on those by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), of which Canada is a state member. Historically, Canada has had a leading role at ICAO, not only by hosting it - ICAO's headquarters are located in Montreal, QC - but also by providing significant technical contributions to the development of ICAO standards. ICAO's airport design standards were first developed in the 1940's, with Annex 14 to the Chicago Convention being published in 1951. Since then, it has undergone several reviews and ammendments, and it is now in its fourth edition. However, most of those standards are still based on the aircraft technology that existed in the 1940's. Since then, not only has that technology evolved, but also airports have seen a manyfold increase in demand and have been surrounded by cities, making it extremely difficult and expensive to expand. This research will evaluate the current validity and applicability of the existing standards for airport design, suggesting new standards where the existing ones are found to be inadequate for aircraft currently in service. The expected results are airport design standards that maintain or improve the current level of safety in aircraft operations, while allowing for a more efficient use of land in and around airport property.