Design of augmented feedback to guide operator behaviour in safety-critical systems

在世界各地，每天有3,000多人死于交通事故。在加拿大，机动车碰撞每年造成约2，500人死亡和15，000人重伤。驾驶员分心是一个日益严重的问题，据估计，造成13%至50%的事故。传感器、无线通信和计算技术的快速发展已经产生了一系列能够娱乐、通知和支持驾驶员的设备（例如，MP3播放器、蜂窝电话和导航系统）。然而，由于车载信息系统（IVIS）的需求与驾驶需求之间的冲突，这些设备也可能破坏安全性。 驱动程序当前接收反馈（例如，可变信息标志），塑造他们对驾驶情况的即时反应和他们的长期行为。可用的反馈通常取决于环境，不适合个人的行为，在某些情况下可能不存在。新兴的车辆技术（例如，眼睛跟踪器）使得可以创建避免这些限制的增强反馈。这种反馈可以改善对道路事件的反应，也可以诱导积极的行为。 拟议的研究计划将制定一个全面的框架，分心缓解，通过发展反馈设计的基本理解，以指导适当的操作员行为。通过对碰撞数据的统计分析以及在道路和模拟环境中进行的实验，本研究将确定并模拟指导分心相关行为的因素的影响。不同的反馈特性，然后将通过驾驶模拟器实验进行评估。所获得的主要研究结果也将在另一个安全关键领域得到验证，即露天矿中的运输卡车驾驶。这项研究的结果将为加拿大和全球的交通安全以及采矿业提供直接的好处。

Around the world, more than 3,000 people die daily due to traffic crashes. In Canada, motor vehicle crashes result in approximately 2,500 fatalities and 15,000 serious injuries every year. Driver distraction is a growing problem that is estimated to cause between 13 and 50 percent of all crashes. The rapid development of sensor, wireless communication, and computing technology has given rise to a range of devices that are capable of entertaining, informing, and supporting the driver (e.g., MP3 players, cellular phones, and navigation systems). However, these devices may also undermine safety due to conflicts between the demands of the in-vehicle information system (IVIS) and the demands of driving. Drivers currently receive feedback (e.g., variable message signs) that shapes their immediate response to the driving situation and their long-term behaviour. The available feedback is generally dependent on the environment, is not tailored to the behaviour of the individual, and may be absent in some situations. Emerging vehicle technology (e.g., eye trackers) makes it possible to create augmented feedback that avoids these limits. Such feedback can improve response to roadway events and can also induce positive behaviour. The proposed research program will develop a comprehensive framework for distraction mitigation, by developing a fundamental understanding on feedback design to guide appropriate operator behaviour. Through statistical analysis of crash data and experiments conducted on the road and in simulation environments, this research will identify and model the effects of factors which guide distraction-related behaviour. Different feedback characteristics will then be evaluated through driving simulator experiments. The key findings obtained will also be validated in another safety-critical domain, namely haul truck driving in open-pit mines. The findings from this research will provide direct benefits to traffic safety as well as the mining industry in Canada and worldwide.