An automated 3D CAD model-based decision support system (DSS) for general contracting of off-site building construction projects

工业化建设对项目设计、规划和执行提出了新的要求，需要一个结构良好的决策支持系统（DSS）来满足制造过程和现场装配的需求。现有工具的设计不能很好地支持非现场或模块化施工过程，这需要不断改进生产线、建筑工艺、建筑材料和组件。虽然在改进制造工艺时需要考虑许多标准，但由于资源稀缺和市场竞争激烈，成本是关键因素。目标 成本分析（TCA）建立了设计-估算阶段的框架，详细的施工图提供了准确的材料清单，便于自动化。此外，本研究的目标将通过两个步骤来实现：（1）开发TCA模型，其中分层多层次分析，分为类别，子类别和元素，创建一个连接成本和设计过程/制造和现场装配的动态系统;以及（2）现场装配管理和生产率分析，其中对现场活动执行全面的生产率分析系统以改进项目交付。预计这些成果将在经济、社会和环境方面对加拿大社会产生积极影响。这项工作的结果将是通过自动探索所有可用和兼容的建筑组件来降低总成本。这将通过持续的成本降低和创新过程转化为住宅价格的降低。就社会效益而言，场外施工意味着大部分工作都在受控工厂进行，从而减少了对现场活动的依赖，而现场活动是施工中造成伤亡的主要因素。提高施工作业效率，同时通过增加工厂作业减少停工的可能性，也将缩短施工工期，最大限度地减少材料浪费，减少排放。

Industrialized construction creates new requirements for project design, planning, and execution, necessitating a well-structured Decision Support System (DSS) to accommodate the manufacturing process and on-site assembly needs. Existing tools are not designed to readily support the off-site or modular construction process, which requires continuous improvement in the production line, building process, building materials, and components. While there are a number of criteria to be considered when improving the manufacturing process, cost is the key factor due to scarcity of resources and a high level of competition in the marketplace. Target cost analysis (TCA) establishes the framework for the design-estimate phase, and the detailed set of shop drawings provides accurate material take-off lists that facilitate automation. Moreover, the objectives of this proposed research will be achieved through a two-step process: (1) development of a TCA model, where a hierarchical multi-level analysis, divided into categories, subcategories, and elements, creates a dynamic system connecting the cost and design process/manufacturing and on-site assembly; and (2) on-site assembly management and productivity analysis, where a comprehensive productivity analysis system is performed for the on-site activities to improve project delivery. The outcomes are expected to make a positive impact on Canadian society economically, socially, and environmentally. The result of this work will be a reduced overall cost by automatically exploring all the available and compatible building components. This will be translated into reduction in residential pricing through the continuous process of cost reduction and innovation. In terms of social benefits, off-site construction entails that the majority of tasks are performed in a controlled factory, thus reducing the reliance on on-site activities that are the primary contributors to injury and mortality in construction. Improving the efficiency of the construction operations while reducing the likelihood of work stoppages by enabling an increase in factory-based operations will also decrease construction duration, minimize material waste, and reduce emissions.