Municipal waste water effluent impact on native fish: mechanisms of action and BIOMIC signatures

卡尔加里的经济增长创造了稳步增长的人口，这是弓河污染物的主要来源。三个城市污水处理厂排放的污水(MWWE)中含有多种化学物质，包括非处方药和处方药。这一点令人担忧，因为包括抗精神病药物在内的一些药物被专门设计为在极低浓度下对人类产生快速效果，但它们可能对非目标鱼类物种产生的影响目前尚不清楚。鉴于药物不受控制地排放到河流中--预计随着人口老龄化而增加--我们必须彻底了解药物足迹及其对本地水生生物群的相关影响。我们提出的研究是制定解决方案以保护生态系统健康、维持我们所依赖的生物多样性和生态系统服务的关键途径的一部分。我们提出了一种系统生物学方法，它使用定量技术来测量全球基因、蛋白质、代谢物和表观遗传变化，以构建鱼肝脏的生物网络，作为研究MWWE暴露造成的长期和世代影响的模型。我们的基于暴露效应的模型将通过测量表型变化来进一步补充，包括本地鱼类在多个世代的压力和繁殖表现。这种对本地鱼类的药物足迹、基于性能的表型和生物网络模型构建的详细评估将提供关于MWWE影响和新出现污染物的行动模式的关键基线信息。这 基于机制的方法将帮助行业和政府机构就影响作出知情决定，并制定解决方案，以保护和养护水资源和水生生态系统健康，特别是考虑到对新出现的污染物对非目标生物的影响知之甚少。

Calgary's economic growth has created a steadily expanding population, which is a major source of contaminants to the Bow River. Three municipal wastewater treatment plants discharge effluents (MWWE) that include a cocktail of chemicals, including over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and prescription drugs. This is of concern because some pharmaceuticals, including antipsychotic drugs, are designed specifically to have rapid effects in humans at very low concentrations, but the effect they may have on non-target fish species is currently unknown. Given the uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals into rivers, which is projected to increase as the human population ages, it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the pharmaceutical footprints and the associated impact on the native aquatic biota. The studies we propose are part of the critical path to develop solutions to protect ecosystem health, maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services upon which we depend. We propose a systems biology approach that uses quantitative techniques to measure global gene, protein, metabolite and epigenetic changes to construct biological networks in fish liver as a model for long-term and generational impacts due to MWWE exposure. Our exposure effects-based model will be further complemented by measurement of phenotypic changes, including stress and reproductive performances of native fish across multiple generations. This detailed appraisal of pharmaceutical footprints, performance-based phenotypes and construction of biological network models in native fish will provide critical baseline information on MWWE impact and the mode of action of emerging contaminants. This mechanism-based approach will assist industries and governmental agencies to make informed decisions about the impact and develop solutions to protect and preserve the water resources and aquatic ecosystem health, especially given that very little is known regarding the effect of emerging contaminants on non-target organisms.