Modeling and control of shear flows over and within porous media

层流和湍流在多孔介质上和内部是常见的，在广泛的自然流动和工程应用中。主要的例子有：工业横流过滤系统；燃气轮机叶片和火箭发动机的蒸腾冷却；利用壁吸延迟机翼表面向湍流的转变；在血管、胃肠系统、肾脏和肺中的流体传输，其中空气、血液和组织之间的质量传输发生在壁上；可渗透的海床/河床上的沉积物-水界面；以及通过裂隙地质地层的流动，仅举几例。该提议的动机是需要更深入地了解多孔材料对工程和自然剪切流动的影响，以便为创新和可持续的工程应用设计新型多孔材料。事实上，有许多工程应用涉及流体在多孔材料上或通过多孔材料流动，这将有助于更好地了解这些流动及其优化和控制，例如从地下储油层开采石油、管理地下水盆地和通过含水层过滤污染物、蒸腾冷却(其中孔隙率被用于增强材料的热交换能力)、用于将固体颗粒从流体中分离的过滤过程。自然界中的例子是流经沉积岩，如砂岩、砾岩和页岩，水流过海床和河床。多孔介质在许多生物过程中也发挥着关键作用，这些过程涉及到许多有机组织的壁上的流体和质量传递，如血管、肺和肾脏。设计具有特定性质(如孔隙率、渗透率、界面动量传递等)的多孔材料的能力可能会在从空气动力学到生物、从化学到医学的几个领域产生新的发展。这一建议的最终目标是通过智能地操纵流体流动或通过设计新型多孔材料或两者兼而有之来优化和控制多孔材料内部和上方的剪切流动。总之，拟议的研究将对增进关于多孔材料内部和上方流动的知识做出重大贡献，并为培训高素质人员提供一个极好的机会。这项建议的挑战性和新颖性保证了拟议研究的每一步的完成都将产生原创贡献，这些原创成果将在该领域最好的期刊上发表，并在最好的会议上发表，以便传播知识。

Laminar and turbulent flows over and within porous media are common in a wide range of natural flows and engineering applications. Main examples are: industrial crossflow filtration systems; transpiration cooling of gas turbine blades and rocket engines; the use of wall suction to delay transition to turbulence over the surface of a wing; fluid transport in blood vessels, the gastrointestinal system, kidneys, and lungs where mass transfer between air, blood, and tissue occurs at the walls; sediment–water interfaces over permeable seabeds/riverbeds; and flow through fractured geological formations, to name a few. This proposal is motivated by the need for a deeper understanding of the effects of porous materials on engineering and natural shear flows in order to design novel porous materials for innovative and sustainable engineering applications. In fact, there are many engineering applications involving fluid flows over or through porous materials that will benefit from a better understanding of these flows and their optimization and control, such as extraction of oil from ground reservoirs, management of water ground basins and filtration of pollutants through aquifers, transpiration cooling, in which the porosity is used to enhance the heat exchange capability of the material, filtration processes used to separate solid particles from fluids. Examples in nature are flows through sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, conglomerates and shales, and water flows over seabeds and riverbeds. Porous media also play a crucial role in many biological processes involving fluid and mass transfer at the walls of many organic tissues, such as blood vessels, lungs and kidneys. The ability to design porous materials with specific properties (e.g., porosity, permeability, momentum transfer at the interface, etc,) could lead to novel developments in several fields spanning from aerodynamics to biology, from chemistry to medicine. The final goal of this proposal is to optimize and control shear flows within and over porous materials by intelligently manipulating the fluid flow or by designing novel porous materials or both. In conclusion, the proposed research would make a strong contribution to advancement of knowledge on flows within and over porous materials and provide an excellent opportunity for training highly qualified personnel. The challenges and the novelty of this proposal guarantee that the accomplishment of each step of the proposed research would produce original contributions, which will be published in the best journals in the field and presented at the best conferences in order to disseminate knowledge.