Fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant building control systems

环境问题使能源效率成为研究的重点。加拿大目前是世界第六大一次能源使用国。其中很大一部分能源被用于调节建筑物温度和湿度的舒适控制结构；大部分此类控制结构由该项目的工业合作伙伴johnson controls Inc （JCI）安装、操作和维护。当前建筑控制系统的安装严重受到传感器和执行器故障或调谐不良的控制算法的影响，导致能源的大量浪费。因此，开发一个能够快速诊断故障并提供良好调谐控制器的系统框架对于经济和环境都很重要。事实上，JCI已经建立了一个完整的小组，建筑效率研究小组，致力于探索实现能源效率的新方法。在实施容错建筑控制时，加热和冷却设备的限制，设备的必要启动和关闭，以及将条件保持在舒适区域的愿望，自然需要一个控制框架，可以处理约束，非线性，响应不确定性，并考虑最优性，以及系统方式的过程的多变量性质。从本质上讲，有一个重要的“能量缺口”，可以通过设计良好的控制和错误处理框架来弥补。出于这些考虑，本项目旨在故障检测和隔离以及容错构建控制结构。预计结果将显著提高建筑结构的能源效率，从而在加拿大范围内产生积极的影响。

Environmental concerns have brought energy efficiency to the forefront of research priorities. Canada currently ranks as the world's sixth largest user of primary energy. A significant portion of that energy is spent by comfort control structures that regulate temperatures and humidity in buildings; a large percentage of such control structures are installed, operated and serviced by the industrial partner for this project, Johnsons Control Inc (JCI). Current installation of building control systems suffer significantly from sensor and actuator faults, or poorly tuned control algorithms, resulting in significant wastage of energy. Development of a systematic framework that can quickly diagnose faults, and provide well tuned controllers is therefore important, both economically, and environmentally. Indeed, JCI has established an entire group, The Building Efficiency Research Group, dedicated to exploring new ways of achieving energy efficiency. In implementing fault tolerant building control, the limitations of heating and cooling equipment, the necessary start ups and shutdowns of equipment, as well as the desire to hold conditions within comfortable regions naturally requires a control framework that can handle constraints, nonlinearities, respond to uncertainties, and account for optimality, as well as the multivariable nature of the process in a systematic manner. In essence, there is a significant `energy gap' that can be bridged by well designed control and fault-handling frameworks for building control. Motivated by these considerations, this project aims at fault detection and isolation and fault-tolerant building control structures. The results are expected to significantly improve the energy efficiency of building structures leading to a positive Canada-wide impact.