Understanding the effect of biofuels on particulate emissions

汽车是温室气体（GHG）排放的主要来源，占加拿大总排放量的24%。通常，在温室气体排放和空气污染物（如颗粒物）排放之间存在权衡。例如，在汽油火花点火发动机中直接喷射燃料减少了燃料消耗（因此减少了温室气体排放），但增加了颗粒排放。柴油压缩点火发动机比汽油火花点火发动机更省油，但会形成更多的颗粒物。可以减少温室气体净排放和减少微粒排放的一种选择是生物质衍生燃料或生物燃料。汽车是空气污染物和温室气体的重要来源。柴油发动机的废气被列为对人类致癌的主要原因是其含有的细颗粒物。车辆排放的直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物占安大略省排放量的24%，这些颗粒物是最危险的。目前，政府法规将汽车微粒排放量减少了70%。许多部件会影响颗粒排放，包括燃料特性、点火正时、燃料/空气混合和柴油颗粒过滤器等。发动机设计人员需要彻底了解这些燃烧产生的颗粒是如何形成的，以便优化这些系统，以减少颗粒排放，同时最大限度地减少燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放。这项CRD提案的重点是理解生物燃料和颗粒形成之间的关系。特别是，生物燃料的化学结构可以影响颗粒的形成。该研究进行了实验室实验和数值调查，以了解生物燃料对颗粒排放的影响。通过报告、会议、学生共同监督以及学生在福特动力总成工程研究与发展中心（PERDC）的实习，这种理解被转化为福特动力总成工程研究与发展中心（PERDC）。好处包括更好地了解生物燃料燃烧和颗粒形成；hqp的培训；并支持加拿大最大的动力总成工程研发中心。

Vehicles are a large source of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions contributing 24% of Canada's total emissions. Typically, there are tradeoffs between GHG emissions and air pollutant emissions such as particulate matter. For example, the direct injection of fuel in gasoline spark ignition engines reduces fuel consumption (hence GHG emissions) but increases particulate emissions. Diesel compression ignition engines are more fuel efficient than gasoline spark ignition engines but form more particulate matter. One option that can reduce net GHG emissions and reduce particulate emissions is biomass derived fuels or biofuels. Vehicles are a significant source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Diesel engine exhaust has been classified as carcinogenic to humans primarily due to the fine particulates it contains. Vehicles contribute 24% of Ontario's particulate matter emissions with diameters smaller than 2.5 microns which are the most hazardous. Government regulations are currently reducing vehicle particulate emissions by 70%. Many components can impact the particulate emissions including the fuel properties, ignition timing, fuel/air mixing and diesel particulate filter, among other. Engine designers need a thorough understanding of how these combustion generated particulates form in order to optimize these systems for the minimum particulate emissions while minimize fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. This CRD proposal focuses on understanding the relationship between biofuels and particulate formation. In particular, the biofuel's chemical structure can influence particulate formation. The research conducts laboratory experimental and numerical investigations in order to understand the effect of biofuels on particulate emissions. This understanding is translated to Ford's Powertrain Engineering Research and Development Centre (PERDC) in Windsor though reports, meetings, student co-supervision and student internships at the Center. The benefits include better understanding of biofuel combustion and particulate formation; training of HQPs; and support for Canada's largest powertrain engineering research and development center.