Wireless X-Ray dosimeter for blood sterilization

这项拨款的目的是研究和开发一种低功耗无线、无电池、片上系统、商用CMOS技术的伽马/ x射线辐射剂量计，专门用于血袋辐射。商业上可用的CMOS工艺在辐照期间血袋辐射剂量监测中的应用尚未进行过探索。近年来，人们越来越关注输血前对血袋进行辐照，以避免将潜在的疾病从献血者传染给患者，同时也避免受血者对血液产生潜在的耐药性。血袋的照射是通过伽马或x射线辐射源完成的。伽马辐射机由一个辐射安全屏蔽组成，其中包含半衰期为30.2年的放射源元素铯137。在机器内，一次可放置3或4个血袋，照射时间约为3至5分钟。x射线血液照射机由x射线管等机电设备组成，可同时照射3 ~ 5个血袋。根据政府和健康监测机构的说法，必须给予血袋30至50格雷的累积吸收辐射剂量，才能认为输血是安全的。这项任务要求血袋辐照制造商，如Best Theratronics和Best Medical Canada监测机器的性能，以确保正常操作。验证血袋正确剂量的最重要方法是使用每个血袋上的指示剂。该公司目前销售的血袋指示剂是利用一种类似纸张的材料从白色变为蓝色的颜色变化，并根据辐射量的大小改变强度。这种观察总剂量的方法依赖于操作者的判断。卡尔顿大学的研究小组提议开发一种新颖的无线无电池射频识别标签解决方案，通过无线通信监测并将累积辐射剂量实时报告给接收器，从而使操作员能够决定袋子是否已被满意地照射。

The purpose of this grant is to enable research and development of a low power wireless, battery-less, system-on-chip, gamma/X-ray radiation dosimeter in a commercial CMOS technology, specifically intended for blood bag irradiation. The application of a commercially available CMOS process in the radiation dose monitoring of blood bags during irradiation has not been previously explored. Recently, much attention has been focused on irradiating blood bags prior to transfusion to avoid transmitting potential diseases from donors to patients and also to avoid receiver's potential resistance to the blood. The irradiation of blood bags is done via gamma- or X-ray radiation sources. A gamma radiation machine consists of a radiation secure shielding which contains the radioactive source element Cesium 137 with a half life of 30.2 years. Within the machine, 3 or 4 blood bags can be placed at a time for irradiation for a period of around 3 to 5 minutes. The X-ray based blood irradiation machine consists of an X-ray tube and other mechanical and electronics devices and can also irradiate 3 to 5 blood bags at the same time. According to the government and health monitoring bodies, a cumulative absorbed radiation dose of between 30 to 50 Gray has to be given to blood bags to consider them safe for transfusion. This mandate obligates the blood bag irradiation manufacturers such as Best Theratronics and Best Medical Canada to monitor the performance of the machines to ensure proper operation. The most important way to verify the correct dose to the blood bags is via the use of indicators placed on each blood bag. The current indicator sold by the company on blood bags utilizes color change on a paper-like material which turns from white to a shade of blue and the intensity changes based on the amount of radiation. This method of observing total dose relies on operator's judgement. The research team at Carleton University proposes to develop a novel wireless battery-less RFID tag solution that monitors and through wireless communication reports the cumulative radiation dose live to a receiver which allows the operator to decide whether the bags have been irradiated satisfactorily or not.