Developing high-performance Chinook salmon stocks for use in aquaculture: microbiome, alternative reproductive tactics and cryopreservation

拟议研究的主要目标是（1）通过更好地了解肠道微生物组来提高亲鱼产量和质量，生长和肉质遗传标记和雄性替代生殖策略的使用，以及（2）创建一个负担得起的和可靠的协议，以冷冻保存奇努克鲑鱼的最佳品系的基因（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）用于加拿大西海岸的有机鲑鱼养殖业。因此，亲鱼和品系不仅必须具有高生长和繁殖性能，还必须具有特殊的抗病性，因为治疗剂的使用是不可能的。我们将通过三个主要目标来实现我们的目标：（1）在我们的工业合作伙伴（黄岛水产有限公司;下文称为YIAL）设施进行基于定量遗传的肠道微生物组、肠壁转录组的研究，以及基因型测序（GBS）方法来检测生长和肉质单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记以改善亲鱼性能，（2）使用分离离合器体外定量遗传育种实验评估两种雄性替代生殖策略的使用以改善亲鱼生产，以及（3）开发一种负担得起的和可靠的精子冷冻保存方法，以存储通过本研究和我们的工业合作伙伴设施的其他正在进行的研究产生的鲑鱼的最佳品系的基因（基因组库）。拟议的项目不仅将为鲑鱼养殖业提供解决方案，还将增加我们对奇努克鲑鱼健康相关性状遗传结构的了解。因此，拟议的研究将为学术合作伙伴提供与加拿大水产养殖业合作的机会，并产生应用和基础科学，训练有素的学生和出版物。

The primary objectives of the proposed research are to (1) improve broodstock production and quality via a better understanding of the gut microbiome, growth and flesh quality genetic markers and the use of male alternative reproductive tactics and (2) to create an affordable and reliable protocol to cryopreserve genes for the best lines of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) for use in the Organic Salmon Aquaculture industry on the west coast of Canada. The broodstock and strains must therefore not only have high growth and reproductive performance, they must also have exceptional disease resistance, because theraputant use is not possible. We will address our objectives with 3 broad goals; (1) use the existing broodstock of Chinook salmon at our Industrial partner's (Yellow Island Aquaculture Ltd.; hereafter YIAL) facility to conduct a quantitative genetic based study of the gut microbiome, gut wall transcriptome and a genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) approach to detecting growth and flesh quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to improve broodstock performance, (2) evaluate the use of both male alternative reproductive tactics to improve broodstock production using a split-clutch in-vitro quantitative genetic breeding experiment, and (3) develop an affordable and reliable sperm cryopreservation method to store genes (genome banking) of optimal lines of salmon produced by this research and other ongoing research at our industrial partner's facility. The proposed project will not only provide solutions for the salmon aquaculture industry, it will also increase our knowledge of the genetic architecture of fitness-related traits in Chinook salmon. The proposed research will therefore provide opportunities for the academic partners to collaborate with the Canadian aquaculture industry, as well as generate applied and basic science, highly trained students and publications.