Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

随着人们对环境管理的关注，以及化学品投入的生态和经济成本超过社会门槛，有机农业实践可能在加拿大西部变得越来越重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。在加拿大，特别是在加拿大大草原的黑土地带，很少有关于有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究。拟议的研究是一个开创性的长期NSERC发现资助项目的延续，该项目与小麦有机生产育种和农艺策略的发展有关。长期目标：1)开发在加拿大大草原黑土带低投入（有机）管理下种植的硬红春饼小麦作物理想型；2)了解潜在的遗传机制，并利用这一认识来开发适用于加拿大大草原黑土区低投入（有机）农业系统生产的面包小麦品种；3)在加拿大大草原的黑土地带，制定面包小麦有机生产的长期农艺战略，与其他一年生谷物或豆类作物混合种植。这些战略将探索开发系统的潜力，使能源投入最小化，同时保持农业生态系统的长期能量平衡。在本研究中，我和我的学生将：(1)确定是否需要直接在有机环境中进行育种，以开发适应有机环境的品种；(2)筛选小麦在低投入（有机）和常规环境下竞争能力和产量的性状，并确定所发现性状的遗传力、潜在QTL和育种潜力；3)继续完善有机环境小麦的理想形态；4)对有机条件下小麦与其他杂粮、豆类混作策略进行农艺研究；5)评价低（缺）磷和足磷条件下小麦基因型的养分吸收能力和农艺性能。

As concern for environmental stewardship rises, and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices may become more and more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, and especially in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a pioneering long-term NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. Long-term objectives: 1) Develop a crop ideotype for hard red spring bread wheat grown under low-input (organic) management in black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 2) Understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, and use that understanding to develop bread wheat varieties for production under low-input (organic) farming systems in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 3) Develop long-term agronomic strategies for the organic production of bread wheat, in mixtures with other annual grain or pulse crops, in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. These strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimize energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem. For the proposed research, my students and I will 1) Determine whether breeding directly within organic environments is necessary for developing cultivars adapted to organic environments, 2) Screen wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in under low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential QTL and breeding potential of traits uncovered; 3) Continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments; 4) Conduct agronomic research on wheat cropping strategies in mixtures with other grains and pulses under organic conditions; 5) Evaluate the nutrient uptake ability and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes grown under low (deficient) and sufficient soil P conditions.