Basic Reading Processes in Mind and Brain

读写能力的理解等同于理解基本的阅读过程。2010年，加拿大学习委员会报告称，到2031年，预计将有超过1500万加拿大成年人识字水平较低，增长25%。据报道，识字水平低的成年人有更多的健康问题，收入更少，预期寿命更短。通过研究正常读者的基本阅读过程，我们可以确定正常阅读过程的神经生理和行为标记物，从而为扭转这一趋势提供路线图。因此，这项研究对于加拿大社会乃至整个世界未来的社会经济福祉是必要的。我们实验室的研究重点是开发一个基本阅读过程的综合模型。鉴于如今的“阅读”通常涉及信息处理技术的组合，例如阅读印刷品和处理图片信息(例如。当使用互联网研究一个主题时)，我们正在努力将我们的模型扩展到包括图片和符号处理。我们使用空间定位方法(即非侵入性功能磁共振成像，fMRI)来确定阅读和图片处理的各种成分过程在大脑中的哪里发生，并使用时间/行为定位方法(即反应时间和反应持续时间测量)来确定这些成分过程在心理处理阶段(即大脑)何时发生。我们还在研究注意力和意图对基本阅读过程的影响，因为注意力缺陷与阅读能力低下有关，而无意图阅读可以告诉我们，阅读的组成部分过程在多大程度上是在没有意识的情况下运作的。综上所述，这里描述的研究计划将使我们能够开发一个全面的基本阅读过程模型，并将有助于为未来提高识字技能提供路线图。

Understanding literacy is tantamount to understanding basic reading processes. In 2010, the Canadian Council on Learning reported that by 2031 more than 15 million Canadian adults are predicted to have low literacy levels, an increase of 25%. Adults with low literacy levels were reported to have more health problems, earn less money, and have shorter life expectancy. By studying basic reading processes in normal readers, we can identify the neurophysiological and behavioural markers of normal reading processes, and thus provide a roadmap for reversing this trend. As such, this research is necessary for the future socioeconomic well-being of Canadian society, and the world in general. Our lab's research is focused on developing a comprehensive model of basic reading processes. Given that 'reading' today often involves a combination of information processing techniques, such as reading print and processing pictorial information (eg. when using the internet to research a topic), we are working to extend our model to include picture and symbol processing. We use spatial localization methods (i.e., non-invasive functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, fMRI) to determine where in the brain various component processes of reading and picture processing take place, and temporal/behavioural localization methods (i.e., reaction time and response duration measures) to determine when in the stages of mental processing (i.e., the mind) these component processes take place. We are also examining the effects of attention and intention on basic reading processes, given that attentional deficits have been linked with poor reading ability, and reading without intention can tell us about the degree to which the component processes of reading operate without conscious awareness. Taken together, the programs of research described here will allow us to develop a model of basic reading processes that is comprehensive, and will help to provide the roadmap for improved literacy skills in the future.