Investigating the role and response of the human vasculature in the adaptive response to stressful exercise

尽管人类血管系统的作用看起来很简单，只是一种简单的血液运输者，但它的形式和功能实际上非常复杂。为了适当地控制血液流动并充分供应人体其他部位，血管系统有能力调整其大小和硬度，既可以在短期内满足即时需求，也可以更长期地适应身体正在进行的信号。这些变化实际上是如何以及为什么发生的，目前还不完全清楚，特别是在人类体力活动的影响方面。目前的证据表明，人体动脉的僵硬和大小的变化可以受到体力活动的总量、类型、强度、频率和持续时间的影响，但单独(或组合)因素的相对影响尚不清楚。目前也不清楚不同类型的运动如何影响身体不同区域的血管系统，例如工作附件中的动脉与更靠近心脏的动脉。中枢血管系统的形态和功能的变化会影响到人体内几乎所有的其他器官系统，特别是心脏，并可能影响这些器官系统的运行效率。在更广泛的范围内，我们动脉特性的变化可能会对人类的总体功能和能力产生影响。

Although the role of human vascular system appears straightforward as a simple transporter of blood, its form and function are actually highly complex. In order to appropriately control blood flow and adequately supply other parts of the human body the vasculature has the ability to adapt its size and stiffness, both in the short term to address immediate demand, and more chronically to adapt to the body's ongoing signals. How and why these changes actually occur is incompletely understood, particularly in regard to the effects of human physical activity. Current evidence suggests that changes in the stiffness and size of human arteries can be affected by the overall volume,type, intensity, frequency and duration of physical activity, but the relative influence of individual (or combined) factors is unclear. It is also unclear how different types of exercise may affect the vasculature in different regions of the body, such as arteries in the working appendage versus arteries closer to the heart. Changes in the form and function of the central vasculature has effects on almost all other organ systems in the body, particularly the heart, and can affect how efficiently these organ systems operate. On a broader scale, the changes in the properties of our arteries can have implications for human function and capacity in general.