Advances in x-ray spectrometry: new science through new sources

该提案旨在推进X射线光谱测定法，新的科学来自新的辐射源。该研究涉及X射线荧光和X射线吸收技术的开发和使用，用于检测铅、砷和硒等微量元素。该提案涉及这些方法带来的科学挑战和机遇。即使接触中等水平的铅和砷，其影响也可能很严重。使用新的基于实验室和同步加速器的来源，该提案旨在显着提高我们对这些元素的分布和命运的理解。目标包括在以下相互关联的研究主题中使用X射线光谱法：（1）开发用于微量元素检测的创新和紧凑的单能量X射线方法;（2）优化和验证完全便携式微型X射线管技术;以及（3）通过加拿大光源的同步加速器辐射进行调查，以探测组织样本中的元素分布和化学形式。该研究涉及电离辐射的使用，属于医学物理学和辐射物理学领域的福尔斯。通过深入的科学发展和研究，目标是提高监测微量元素暴露的能力。例如，使用快速、可靠和便携式系统监测砷的能力将在加拿大和全世界产生重大影响。孟加拉国饮用水砷污染被称为“人类历史上最大规模的人口中毒”。值得注意的是，有证据表明，砷的影响可以通过摄入硒来抵消。这增加了人们对同时检测硒和砷的兴趣。使用L-壳特征X射线技术的准确和精确的骨铅测量的演示将增加一个新的暴露评估工具，并进一步了解铅摄入量和动力学。拟议的研究将利用同步加速器微探针荧光映射和X射线吸收技术提供基础科学知识，并为新方法的开发提供信息。

This proposal seeks to advance x-ray spectrometry, with new science resulting from new radiation sources. The research involves the development and use of x-ray fluorescence and x-ray absorption techniques for the detection of trace elements such as lead, arsenic, and selenium. The proposal is concerned with the scientific challenges and opportunities posed by these methods. Effects from exposure to even moderate levels of lead and arsenic may be severe. Using novel lab-based and synchrotron-based sources, this proposal aims to significantly improve our understanding of the distribution and fate of such elements. Objectives include the use of x-ray spectrometry in the following interrelated themes of research: (1) development of an innovative and compact mono-energetic x-ray approach for trace element detection; (2) optimization and validation of fully portable miniature x-ray tube techniques; and (3) investigations through synchrotron radiation at the Canadian Light Source to probe elemental distribution and chemical form in tissue samples. The research involves the use of ionizing radiation and falls within the fields of medical physics and radiation physics. Through intensive scientific development and study, the goal is to improve capabilities for monitoring trace element exposure. For example, the ability to monitor for arsenic using a fast, reliable, and portable system would have significant implications in Canada and worldwide. Arsenic contamination of drinking water in Bangladesh has been called "the largest mass poisoning of a population in human history". Significantly, there is evidence that the effects of arsenic may be counteracted by intake of selenium. This has increased interest in the detection of selenium at the same time as arsenic. The demonstration of an accurate and precise bone lead measurement using an L-shell characteristic x-ray technique would add a new exposure assessment tool and further our understanding of lead intake and kinetics. The research proposed will make use of synchrotron microprobe fluorescence mapping and x-ray absorption techniques to provide fundamental scientific knowledge and inform the development of new methods.