3D Imaging for Uncontrolled Conditions and Mobile and Wearable 3D Sensing

3D形状测量系统(3D扫描仪)在受控实验室条件外测量对象时存在问题。在真实环境中，被测量对象的表面可能会在整个表面上具有不同的反射率(在某些区域发亮，在其他区域变暗)，或者照明可能是可变的。如果对象表面在移动或表面正在变形，则3D测量中会出现其他困难。3D形状测量系统通常体积庞大，便携性差，因此很难在有限的空间中使用。这些问题经常阻碍合适质量的3D形状测量，并阻碍3D相机的普遍使用，尽管2D相机实现了普遍使用(智能手机相机、安装在运动头盔上的相机、汽车仪表板、帽子、眼镜等)。这项研究将扩展3D成像系统的能力，在以前3D成像不可能或质量可接受的新应用中实现测量。在这项研究中，紧凑型便携式3D表面成像系统也将被开发出来，以扩大在科学和工业中的应用，供野外工作的专业人员和商人使用，并供普通消费者使用。3D扫描技术的微型化将为增强其他技术带来新的机会，例如在机器人和无人机上安装3D摄像头，并允许可穿戴式3D传感用于康复、军事和考古应用。在不受控制的条件下进行3D扫描，再加上扫描仪的小型化，将使3D扫描变得多才多艺，用于无处不在的用途。这些技术的商业化将通过制造/分销和对研究的再投资为加拿大带来经济效益。

3D shape measurement systems (3D scanners) have problems when measuring objects outside controlled laboratory conditions. In real-world environments, the surfaces of objects being measured may have variation in reflectivity across the surface (shiny is some areas and dark in other regions), or the lighting may be variable. Other difficulties in 3D measurement occur if the object surfaces are moving or the surfaces are deforming. 3D shape measurement systems are often bulky and have poor portability and are therefore difficult to use in confined spaces. These problems often prevent 3D shape measurement of suitable quality and prevent ubiquitous use of 3D cameras, despite 2D cameras achieving pervasive use (smartphone cameras, cameras mounted on sport helmets, car dashboards, hats, eyeglasses, etc.). This research will extend the capabilities of 3D imaging systems to achieve measurements in new applications where 3D imaging was not previously possible or of acceptable quality. In this research, compact portable 3D surface imaging systems will also be developed to extend applications in science and industry, for professionals and tradespeople in fieldwork, and for common consumer use. Miniaturization of 3D scanning technology will open new opportunities to enhance other technologies, for example, mounting 3D cameras on robots and drones, and allowing wearable 3D sensing for rehabilitation, military, and archaeology applications. Enabling 3D scanning in uncontrolled conditions together with scanner miniaturization would make 3D scanning versatile for ubiquitous use. Commercialization of the technologies will lead to economic benefits to Canada through manufacturing/distribution and reinvestment in research.