Technical and Life Cycle Cost Assessment of Zero-Emission Transport Refrigeration Units

为中型到重型服务车辆开发一种高效、绿色的固定热系统，有可能为下一代运输空调和制冷（A/C-R）提供重大的技术和可持续性优势。该提案是与VoltaAir Technology Inc合作建立的，主要目的是为VoltaAir电池供电的a /C-R系统开发一个生命周期成本建模平台。该建模平台是定制的，用于对电动a /C-R系统进行详细的成本效益分析。该项目的建模工作将整合能源存储性能、燃料消耗和生命周期运行的各个方面，以估计排放、成本和能源使用。该公司已经测试并展示了目前处于早期商业化阶段的两条主要产品线（即IQ和e-FER）。这两种解决方案都由VoltaAir先进的电池组解决方案提供动力，这些解决方案目前基于铅酸和锂离子技术。VoltaAir的100%电动产品旨在降低拥有成本，并且能够在许多应用中脱颖而出，例如移动加热和冷却，固定设备，酒店/舒适负载和备用电源。该项目专注于先进的锂离子电池，其范围是开发和应用商用车电池供电辅助动力单元（apu）的生命周期成本模型。目标是根据气候和负载条件优化电池性能、环境足迹和生命周期成本，并分析新一代VoltaAir无空闲制冷系统的无空闲模式。这项研发工作进一步使公司能够解决与电池管理系统相关的更复杂的电池成本性能优化问题，同时考虑到某些外生因素（充电成本、燃料成本、客户需求、排放成本和所需性能特征）的随机性。

The development of an efficient and green stationary, thermal system for medium to heavy duty servicevehicles has the potential to provide significant technological and sustainability advantages in thenext-generation Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (A/C-R) for transportation. This proposal is built withpartnership with VoltaAir Technology Inc and primarily aims to develop a Life Cycle Cost modeling platformfor VoltaAir's battery powered A/C-R system. The modeling platform is customized and utilized for a detailedcost-benefit analysis of the electric A/C-R system. The modeling effort in this project will integrate all aspectsof the energy storage performance, fuel consumption, and life cycle operation to estimate emissions, cost, andenergy use. The company has tested and demonstrated two main lines of products which are currently at earlycommercialization stage (i.e., IQ and e-FER). Both solutions are powered by VoltaAir's advanced Battery Packsolutions that are currently based on Lead Acid and Lithium Ion technologies. VoltaAir's 100% electricproducts aims to lower the cost of ownership and has the capability to excel in many applications such asMobile Heating and Cooling, Stationary Equipment, Hotel/Comfort Loads and back up power.With an exclusive focus on advanced Lithium Ion Batteries, the scope of this project is to develop and employLife Cycle Cost models for battery powered Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) in commercial vehicles. Theobjective is to optimize battery performance, environmental foot prints, and life cycle cost based on climateand load conditions and to analyze idle-free modes of new generation VoltaAir's no-idle refrigeration systems.This R&D effort is further enabling the company to solve more sophisticated battery cost-performanceoptimization problems related to battery management system, taking into account the stochastic nature ofcertain exogenous factors (charging cost, fuel cost, customer demand, emission costs, and requiredperformance characteristics).