Chemically Modified Cellulosic Materials-Based Phosphate Filtration System

各种形式的磷是所有生命形式的必需营养素。因此，磷是农业和城市草坪/花园中使用的肥料的主要成分之一，也是食物的重要成分。人类活动的增加导致过量的磷酸盐通过土壤侵蚀和农业和城市土地的径流进入水生环境。湖泊和水道中磷酸盐和其他营养物含量增加的一个主要后果是藻类大量繁殖，这会污染饮用水，破坏鱼类栖息地，污染海滩，造成航行危险和堵塞取水口。通过去除点源（如排水瓦流出物、温室和动物废物处理泻湖）的磷酸盐，可以潜在地缓解藻类水华。本提案的目标是使用来自植物藤和根的温室纤维素废物：1-开发化学改性的磷酸盐结合纤维素材料（PBCM）作为磷酸盐特异性、高容量和廉价的磷酸盐去除和回收基质;以及2-将PBCM浓缩成能够服务于多个磷酸盐点源的移动的过滤平台。PBCM将通过绿色化学方法合成，并且将比其他离子如氯离子和硫酸根离子具有约10倍的磷酸盐选择性。然后将PBCM纳入过滤系统，该系统可以去除可溶性和无机磷酸盐，回收可溶性磷酸盐并再生基质。该过滤系统将安装在一个移动的独立平台上，能够为各种远程磷酸盐点源提供服务。拟议的研究得到了温室废物回收公司AR 3C的支持。拟议的技术将补充有限的现有除磷工具，如土地应用和卫生下水道收集。该项目的另一个好处是利用纤维素温室废物创造一种增值的磷酸盐去除和回收剂，将在国内和国际上推广。

Phosphorous in its various forms is an essential nutrient for all forms of life. As such, phosphorous is one ofthe major components of fertilizers used in agriculture and urban lawns/gardens and is an important componentof food. Increased human activity has led to excessive amounts of phosphate entering the aquatic environmentvia soil erosion and runoff from agricultural and urban lands. A major consequence of increased phosphate andother nutrient loads into lakes and waterways is algal blooms, which contaminate drinking water, degrade fishhabitat, foul beaches, create navigation hazards and clog water intakes. Algal blooms can potentially bealleviated by removing phosphate at its point sources such as drainage tile outflows, greenhouse and animalwaste treatment lagoons. The objectives of the current proposal are use greenhouse cellulosic waste from plantvines and roots to: 1- Develop chemically modified phosphate binding cellulosic materials (PBCM) as aphosphate-specific, high capacity and inexpensive phosphate-removal and recovery matrix; and 2- Incorporatethe PBCM into a mobile filtration platform capable of servicing multiple point sources of phosphate. ThePBCM will be synthesized by green chemical methods and will have ~10-fold phosphate-selectivity over otherions like chloride and sulfate. The PBCM will then be incorporated into a filtration system that will can removesoluble and inorganic phosphate, recovering the soluble-phosphate and regenerating the matrix. The filtrationsystem will be on a mobile, self-contained platform capable of serving diverse and remote point sources ofphosphate. The proposed studies are supported by AR3C, a greenhouse waste recycling company.The proposed technologies will complement the limited number of existing tools for phosphate abatementsuch as land application and sanitary sewer collection. The additional benefit of this project is the utilization ofcellulosic greenhouse waste to create a value-added phosphate removal and recovery agent that will be indemand nationally and internationally.