Municipal waste water effluent impact on native fish: mechanisms of action and BIOMIC signatures

卡尔加里的经济增长创造了稳步增长的人口，这是弓河污染物的主要来源。三个城市污水处理厂排放的废水（MWWE）中含有多种化学物质，包括非处方药和处方药。这是令人关切的，因为一些药物，包括抗精神病药物，是专门设计的，在非常低的浓度下对人类产生快速影响，但它们对非目标鱼类的影响目前尚不清楚。鉴于药物不受控制地释放到河流中，预计随着人口老龄化而增加，我们必须深入了解药物足迹及其对本地水生生物群的相关影响。我们提出的研究是制定保护生态系统健康、维护我们所依赖的生物多样性和生态系统服务的解决方案的关键路径的一部分。我们提出了一种系统生物学方法，使用定量技术来测量全球基因，蛋白质，代谢产物和表观遗传变化，以构建鱼肝脏中的生物网络，作为MWWE暴露的长期和世代影响的模型。我们的暴露效应为基础的模型将进一步补充测量表型变化，包括压力和繁殖性能的本地鱼类在多个世代。这种对药物足迹、基于性能的表型和在本地鱼类中构建生物网络模型的详细评估，将为MWWE影响和新出现的污染物的作用模式提供关键的基线信息。这种基于机制的方法将有助于工业和政府机构就影响做出明智的决定，并制定保护和维护水资源和水生生态系统健康的解决方案，特别是考虑到人们对新出现的污染物对非目标生物的影响知之甚少。

Calgary's economic growth has created a steadily expanding population, which is a major source of contaminants to the Bow River. Three municipal wastewater treatment plants discharge effluents (MWWE) that include a cocktail of chemicals, including over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and prescription drugs. This is of concern because some pharmaceuticals, including antipsychotic drugs, are designed specifically to have rapid effects in humans at very low concentrations, but the effect they may have on non-target fish species is currently unknown. Given the uncontrolled release of pharmaceuticals into rivers, which is projected to increase as the human population ages, it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the pharmaceutical footprints and the associated impact on the native aquatic biota. The studies we propose are part of the critical path to develop solutions to protect ecosystem health, maintain biodiversity and ecosystem services upon which we depend. We propose a systems biology approach that uses quantitative techniques to measure global gene, protein, metabolite and epigenetic changes to construct biological networks in fish liver as a model for long-term and generational impacts due to MWWE exposure. Our exposure effects-based model will be further complemented by measurement of phenotypic changes, including stress and reproductive performances of native fish across multiple generations. This detailed appraisal of pharmaceutical footprints, performance-based phenotypes and construction of biological network models in native fish will provide critical baseline information on MWWE impact and the mode of action of emerging contaminants. Thismechanism-based approach will assist industries and governmental agencies to make informed decisions about the impact and develop solutions to protect and preserve the water resources and aquatic ecosystem health, especially given that very little is known regarding the effect of emerging contaminants on non-target organisms.