Computational Human Body Models to Investigate Neck Response and Potential for Injury in Impact Environments

意外伤害是全世界住院和死亡的主要原因。世界卫生组织估计，全球每年有125万人死于道路交通事故，多达5000万人受伤。碰撞导致的伤害(CII)被认为是可预防的，加拿大交通部已承诺减少道路交通死亡和严重伤害的数量。美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)已确定能够预测伤害的计算机模型和人体模型(HBM)的重要性，将其作为提高安全性的关键生物力学优先事项。先进的有限元建模已经成功地应用于复杂的HBM环境中，具有更快的速度和更低的计算成本，使得在过去十年中取得了显著的进步。然而，目前的知识空白包括损伤预测能力、主动肌肉系统的结合以及碰撞场景中性别/大小对损伤结果的影响。申请人领导的冲击生物力学项目的长期目标是开发生物逼真(反应类似人体)和易碎性(承受类似人体组织的损伤)数值模型：解释实验和流行病学数据，研究冲击反应和损伤机制，并产生新的减轻伤害的方法。*建议的计划与全球汽车行业致力于开发和验证人体模型的努力相结合，以推进目前存在的最详细的HBM，包括中型(第50个百分位，M50)男性和小个子(第5个百分位，F05)女性模型，以应对紧迫的安全挑战。这种新颖和复杂的建模对于评估碰撞安全性、缩短车辆设计周期以及采用轻质材料以通过虚拟评估和增强碰撞安全性来实现加拿大2025年的减排目标至关重要。这项研究计划将建立在HBM以前和现有活动的基础上。*本计划的目标是：*a)进一步加强HBM对创伤和低严重程度伤害的评估。*b)调查人类反应、伤害的可能性和伤害缓解策略，以解决正面、侧面碰撞和侧翻的紧急碰撞安全问题。*拟议计划的结果将使我们能够通过对伤害机制的基本了解和最终开发预测模型来减轻伤害，从而克服物理测试的局限性。在这个项目中接受培训的学生将处于非常有利的地位，能够为交通、保护和安全部门做出贡献。由此产生的新知识将为全球研究界提供预测伤害的新方法，旨在减少CIIS，使所有加拿大人受益，并支持加拿大交通部减少道路交通死亡的目标。

Accidental injury is a leading cause of hospitalization and fatality throughout the world. The World Health Organization estimates 1.25 million fatalities and up to 50 million injuries per year, globally, resulting from road traffic accidents. Crash Induced Injuries (CII) are recognized as preventable and Transport Canada has committed to reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and serious injuries.******The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified the importance of computer models and Human Body Models (HBM) capable of predicting injury as a vital biomechanics priority to improve safety. Advanced finite element modeling has been used successfully in the complex HBM environment with higher-speed and lower-cost computing enabling significant advances over the last decade. However, gaps in current knowledge include injury prediction capabilities, incorporation of active musculature, and gender/size effects on injury outcome in crash scenarios. The long-term goal of the Impact Biomechanics program led by the applicant is to develop biofidelic (response similar to the human body) and frangible (sustains damage similar to human tissues) numerical models to: interpret experimental and epidemiological data, investigate impact response and injury mechanisms, and to generate new approaches to mitigate injury.******The proposed program integrates with a global automotive industry effort dedicated to the development and validation of human body models, to advance the most detailed HBM in existence today, including a mid-sized (50th percentile, M50) male and small stature (5th percentile, F05) female model, to address urgent safety challenges. This novel and sophisticated modeling is essential to assess crash safety, to reduce vehicle design cycle times, and for the adoption of lightweight materials to meet Canada's 2025 reduced emissions goal through virtual evaluation and enhancement of crash safety. This research program will build on previous and existing activities in HBM. ******The objectives of this program are to:***a) Further enhance HBM for traumatic and low severity injury assessment. ***b) Investigate human response, the potential for injury, and injury mitigation strategies to address urgent crash safety issues in frontal, lateral impact and rollover.******The outcomes of the proposed program will enable us to overcome limitations of physical testing by gaining a fundamental understanding of injury mechanisms and ultimately the development of predictive models to mitigate injury. The students trained in this program will be exceptionally well placed to contribute to the transportation, protection, and safety sectors. The resulting new knowledge will provide the global research community with novel methods for predicting injury, aiming to reduce CIIs to benefit all Canadians and support Transport Canada's goal to reduce road traffic fatalities.