Wrapping up 50 years of fluidization and multiphase system fundamental and applied research

该提案寻求资助的最后一章在一个成功的50年的职业生涯的基础和应用研究和指导。***从流化床夹带是受到巨大的不确定性，预测之间的差异高达20个数量级！我们最近表明，在任何现有的预测方法中都没有考虑到的静电荷是造成这种不确定性的主要原因，而粒子的电学性质起着重要作用。我们将测量夹带和静电荷在不同的材料制成的柱和发展的预测方法，说明静电力。本文还将探讨静电对运输脱离高度的影响。人们对损耗的了解很少，但在许多过程中却至关重要。我们将利用工业上广泛用于催化剂颗粒磨损表征的三射流磨损装置进行CFD研究，以更好地了解颗粒运动和相互作用导致磨损和断裂的基本原理。我们还将比较四种不同设备在低温和高温下的损耗。*** 8年前，申请人构思并领导了一项设计和建造新型流动流化床装置的倡议，该装置现已在3个国家的7个实验室在相同条件下运行，从而可以比较测量技术。它还为多相CFD代码的验证提供了一个独特的数据库。替代技术通常显示出良好的定性一致，但实质性的定量差异。CFD研究将预测具有实验研究中实际示踪剂性质的颗粒的运动，以确定不同示踪剂物理性质在多大程度上解释了水动力测量中观察到的定量差异，并建立选择跟踪颗粒的标准。***申请人是正在进行的关于碳捕获的CREATE项目的共同项目负责人。需要发现基金来支持替代固体二氧化碳吸附剂的测试，除了低成本和有利的物理和化学性质外，还可以在相对较低的温度下再生。它还将使一篇关于生物质双床蒸汽气化反应器模型的博士论文得以完成，并为一项关于吸收剂增强天然气重整的新项目提供部分支持。***申请人已与Wiley签署了一份合同，准备一本关于流化的新教科书，因为以前以教学为重点的流化书籍已经有几十年的历史了，因此没有涵盖最近的发展，例如使用多相CFD代码取得的巨大进步和对粒子间力的新认识。资助将允许申请人继续参加重要会议，聘请暑期学生协助提供数据和参考资料，并支付附带费用

This proposal seeks funding for the last chapter in a successful 50-year career of fundamental and applied research and mentoring.*** Entrainment from fluidized beds is subject to enormous uncertainty, with discrepancies between predictions up to 20 orders of magnitude! We have recently shown that electrostatic charges, not considered in any existing predictive methods, are responsible for much of this uncertainty, with electrical properties of particles playing a strong role. We will measure entrainment and electrostatic charges in columns made of different materials and develop predictive methods which account for electrostatic forces. The effect of electrostatics on transport disengaging heights will also be explored.*** Attrition is poorly understood, but of vital importance in many processes. We will utilize a 3-jet attrition device, widely used in industry for catalyst particle attrition characterization, to CFD study to better understand the fundamentals of particle motion and interactions leading to abrasion and breakage. We will also compare attrition in four different devices at low and high temperature.*** 8 years ago, the applicant conceived and led an initiative to design and build a novel Travelling Fluidized Bed apparatus that has now been operated under identical conditions at 7 labs in 3 countries, enabling comparison of measurement techniques. It has also led to a unique database for validation of multiphase CFD codes. Alternative techniques have generally shown good qualitative agreement, but substantial quantitative differences. A CFD study will predict the motion of particles with properties of actual tracers used in the experimental studies to determine the extent to which different tracer physical properties account for the observed quantitative differences in hydrodynamic measurement and to establish criteria for choosing particles for tracking. *** The applicant is a co-PI on an ongoing CREATE program on carbon capture. Discovery grant funding is needed to support testing of alternative solid CO2 sorbents, which, in addition to low cost and favourable physical and chemical properties, can be regenerated at relatively low temperatures. It will also enable a PhD thesis on reactor modelling of dual bed steam gasification of biomass to be completed, and provide partial support for a new project on sorbent-enhanced reforming of natural gas.*** The applicant has signed a contract with Wiley to prepare a new textbook on Fluidization, sorely needed as previous teaching-focused fluidization books are decades old, therefore failing to cover recent developments, such as the enormous advances made using multi-phase CFD codes and new understanding regarding inter-particle forces. Grant support will allow the applicant to continue to attend key conferences, hire a summer student to assist with figures and references, and cover incidental costs.**