Fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant building control systems

对环境的关注已将能源效率置于研究优先事项的前列。加拿大目前是世界第六大一次能源使用者。很大一部分能源被用于调节建筑物内温度和湿度的舒适性控制结构；很大一部分此类控制结构是由该项目的工业合作伙伴庄臣控制公司(JCI)安装、运营和维修的。目前安装的建筑控制系统严重受到传感器和执行器故障或控制算法调整不当的影响，导致大量能量浪费。因此，开发能够快速诊断故障并提供良好调节的控制器的系统框架无论在经济上还是在环境上都是重要的。事实上，JCI已经成立了一个完整的小组，即建筑效率研究小组，致力于探索实现能源效率的新方法。在实施容错建筑控制时，加热和制冷设备的局限性，设备的必要启动和关闭，以及将条件保持在舒适区域的愿望，自然需要一个控制框架，能够以系统的方式处理约束、非线性、不确定性和最优化，以及过程的多变量性质。从本质上讲，有一个巨大的“能源缺口”，可以通过设计良好的控制和建筑物控制的故障处理框架来弥合。出于这些考虑，本项目的目标是故障检测和隔离以及容错建筑控制结构。预计这一结果将显著提高建筑结构的能效，从而在加拿大范围内产生积极影响。

Environmental concerns have brought energy efficiency to the forefront of research priorities. Canada currently ranks as the world's sixth largest user of primary energy. A significant portion of that energy is spent by comfort control structures that regulate temperatures and humidity in buildings; a large percentage of such control structures are installed, operated and serviced by the industrial partner for this project, Johnsons Control Inc (JCI). Current installation of building control systems suffer significantly from sensor and actuator faults, or poorly tuned control algorithms, resulting in significant wastage of energy. Development of a systematic framework that can quickly diagnose faults, and provide well tuned controllers is therefore important, both economically, and environmentally. Indeed, JCI has established an entire group, The Building Efficiency Research Group, dedicated to exploring new ways of achieving energy efficiency. In implementing fault tolerant building control, the limitations of heating and cooling equipment, the necessary start ups and shutdowns of equipment, as well as the desire to hold conditions within comfortable regions naturally requires a control framework that can handle constraints, nonlinearities, respond to uncertainties, and account for optimality, as well as the multivariable nature of the process in a systematic manner. In essence, there is a significant `energy gap' that can be bridged by well designed control and fault-handling frameworks for building control. Motivated by these considerations, this project aims at fault detection and isolation and fault-tolerant building control structures. The results are expected to significantly improve the energy efficiency of building structures leading to a positive Canada-wide impact.******