Resilient urban forests for Canadians: Adapting to climate change for enhanced tree-related benefits

城市森林(UF)与重要的生态系统服务有关，如减少热量和改善空气质量，这对环境和人类健康都有好处。随着气候变化(CC)的到来，这些好处将变得更加重要，但尚不清楚气候变化将如何影响UF，如何影响人类健康，以及UF如何适应气候变化并更好地支持生态系统服务。这包括**消除碳，加拿大有义务报告这一点。加拿大目前对UF碳的估计**使用率基于在美国和/或在天然森林中进行的经验观察。这已被确认为一个重要的不确定性来源，需要解决以预测未来的UF密度和组成，并调查假设，即CC对人的影响可能比以前**认为的更大**如果树木本身也受到负面影响。UF中影响CC和生态系统服务弹性的特征，如树木大小和树冠形状，也与天然林不同。然而，**城市树木的库存不完整，以及关于树冠的数据匮乏，意味着用于建模和预测服务业生产的相关数据稀缺。我们的目标是用更丰富的数据更好地描述UF，并**确定用于开发弹性UF的最佳实践，以支持现在和未来的生态系统服务。

Urban forests (UF) are associated with important ecosystem services, such as reduced heat and improved air**quality, which benefit both environmental and human health. These benefits will become even more important**with climate change (CC), yet it is unclear how the UF will be impacted by CC, how that will affect human**health, and how the UF can be adapted to face CC and better support ecosystem services. This includes**removing carbon, which Canada has an obligation to report on. Current estimates of the UF carbon in Canada**use rates based on empirical observations made in United States and/or in natural forests. This has been**identified as an important source of uncertainty that needs to be addressed to forecast future UF density and**composition, and to investigate the hypothesis that the effects of CC on people may be greater than previously**thought if trees are also themselves affected negatively. Features such as tree size and crown shape that**influence resilience to CC and ecosystem services in UF are also different than in natural forests. Yet**incomplete inventories of urban trees and a paucity of data on canopies means that relevant data for modeling**and prediction of service production is scarce. Our goal is to better characterize UF with richer data, and to**identify best practices for developing resilient UFs that will support ecosystem services now and in the future.