Nanomaterial impacts on gastrointestinal microbiome.

最近的技术进步导致了各种纳米材料的开发，用于食品、医药、电子产品、燃料、消费品等。作为这些创新的结果，人类越来越多地接触到大量的这些纳米材料，特别是通过食品和食品包装。摄入纳米材料会对胃肠道(GI)产生影响，并导致与肠道微生物区系的相互作用。在食品、食品颜料、饮料、食品包装、牙膏、牙刷、电子烟，甚至婴儿奶瓶和奶嘴中最常见的纳米材料包括氧化锌纳米颗粒(氧化锌-纳米颗粒)、二氧化钛纳米颗粒(二氧化钛-纳米颗粒)、纳米银纳米颗粒(银纳米颗粒)和纳米二氧化硅(二氧化硅)。根据这些纳米材料在食品和相关产品中允许的最低和最高浓度，我们的计划是进行体外和体内研究，以评估它们对肠道微生物群的影响。纳米材料是一种功能强大的工业材料，在消费品、化工、生化等行业的应用迅速增长。尽管纳米材料有这些好处，但人们对环境的影响以及通过GI暴露和其他方式对人类健康的影响知之甚少。这项研究计划的目的是围绕纳米材料对胃肠道微生物组的影响进行基础研究和调查。这项研究将有助于我们理解这些相互作用的基本机制，并推进纳米材料对环境和人类健康影响的基础知识。所解决的问题是由基础化学、生物工程、食品科学、材料科学和纳米技术研究和技术发展的要求所激发和定义的。这项研究计划将为在这些高度优先的工业领域培养高素质的人才提供极好的机会。

Recent technological advances have lead to various nanomaterials being developed for use in food, medicine, electronics, fuels, consumer products, etc. As a result of these innovations, humans are increasingly being exposed to significant amounts of these nanomaterials, especially via food and food-packaging. Ingestion of nanomaterials has consequential impacts on the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and leads to interactions with the gut microflora. The nanomaterials most commonly found in food, food pigments, drinks, food packaging, toothpaste, toothbrushes, e-cigarettes and even baby bottles and pacifiers, include zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanosilica (SiO2). Based on the minimum and maximum concentrations of these nanomaterials permitted in food and related products, our plan is to conduct in-vitro and in-vivo studies in order to evaluate their impact on the gut microbiome. Nanaomaterials are powerful industrial materials and there has been rapid growth for their use in consumer products, chemical, biochemical and other industries. Despite these benefits of nanomaterials, the environmental impact and effects on human health through GI exposure and other means are poorly understood. The aim of this research program is to perform fundamental research and investigations surrounding the impact of nanomaterials on the GI microbiome. This study will help us to understand the basic mechanism of these interactions and advance the fundamental knowledge of nanomaterial impacts on environmental and human health. The problems addressed are motivated and defined by the requirements of fundamental chemical, bioengineering, food science, material science and nanotechnology research and technology developments. This research program will provide excellent opportunities for the training of highly qualified personal in these high-priority industrial areas.