Accelerating Neural Computation

从生物学中发现其功能或模拟实际生物系统功能的计算系统已被引入多年，最近随着技术的进步允许部署高性能计算系统，它们的发展速度加快。*在本研究计划中，我们将重点开发加速神经网络所需计算的方法。神经网络可以被看作是(I)人工神经网络，它已经在分类、建模和学习中得到了应用，以及(Ii)尖峰神经形态系统，它更接近于中枢神经系统的结构和功能。*我们的长期目标是设计一个能够准确地实时或近实时地模拟大脑的某个部分的系统。这样的系统可以用于生物学研究，以检验假说，特别是与疾病有关的假说，并更好地了解结构对功能的影响。这样的目标是新颖的，因为目前大多数神经形态系统的研究都集中在开发可扩展的复杂系统上，通常使用不能准确代表生物学的简化神经模型和互联。我们的方法在计算上具有挑战性，但其复杂性是可以处理的。另一个目标是开发提高泛化ANN性能的系统。*预计这项研究的成功完成将带来更深层次的研究，并有助于理解复杂的神经系统。*在人工神经网络领域，拥有高效的计算环境将允许对复杂系统和分类器进行建模，并将有助于大数据分析。*在神经形态系统领域，拥有实时或近实时准确模拟大脑结构的能力，将使研究人员能够实验和了解这些大脑结构的功能。这样的系统有可能成为虚拟实验室，在这种大脑结构上进行实验，刺激它们的功能，探索学习是如何发生的，并了解一些退行性疾病是如何表现出来的。

Computing systems that have found the inspiration of their function in Biology or model the functioning of actual biological systems have been introduced for many years and have seen their development accelerating recently as advances in technology have allowed the deployment of high performance computing systems.***In this research program, we will focus on developing methods of accelerating the computations needed in neural networks. Neural networks can be viewed as (i) Artificial Neural Networks that have found applications in classification, modeling and learning, and (ii) spiking neuromorphic systems that closer resemble the structure and functioning of the central nervous system.***Our long term objective is to devise a system that can accurately emulate a part of the brain in real or near-real time. Such a system can be used in biological research to test hypotheses especially as related to diseases, and to better understand the influence of the structure on function. Such a goal is novel, as most of the current neuromorphic systems research is focusing on developing complex systems that scale, often using simplified neural models and interconnects that do not accurately represent biology. Our approach is computationally challenging, but its complexity is tractable. An additional goal is the development of systems enhancing the performance of generalizing ANN. ***It is expected that the successful completion of this research will lead to advanced study, and contribute to the understanding of complex neural systems. ***In the field of artificial neural networks, having an efficient computational environment will allow the modeling complex systems and classifiers and it will contribute to big data analytics. ***In the field of neuromorphic systems, having the ability to accurately simulate brain structures in real or near-real time, will allow researchers to experiment and understand the functioning of these brain structures. Such systems have the potential of becoming virtual laboratories to experiment on such brain structures, prod their functionality, explore how learning occurs and understand how some degenerating diseases manifest themselves.