Fire safety of subway cars and underground subway stations

该研究计划涉及地铁汽车、地下地铁站、隧道和建筑物中大空间的火灾安全。 它继续申请人在这些领域的研究计划，并利用申请人在过去几年中进行的全面火灾实验中收集的知识和数据。 * 拟议的工作主要集中在 * 改进和使用计算流体动力学（CFD）模型来模拟 * 地铁汽车和地下地铁站的火灾，以确定其对乘客和结构的影响 *。 将使用实验室设备 *（如锥形量热计）进行小规模实验，以确定地铁汽车中使用的材料的火灾 * 特性，这些特性将用作 *CFD模型的输入。 我们会比较 * 申请人已取得的数值预测和实验数据，以确定有关模型能否预测火车和地铁车站 * 火警在不同发展阶段的特点 *、热量释放率、* 车站和隧道内的烟雾流动情况，以及通风系统的成效。 乘客从车站的疏散 * 也将使用简单的疏散计算和疏散模型 * 来考虑，以确定火灾对乘客的影响，并评估可用的疏散路线和疏散策略的有效性 *。 这项研究的结果对于隧道和地铁站通风系统的设计非常重要，开发的工具可以被消防部门用来帮助他们预先规划对这些空间火灾的反应。另一部分研究计划涉及大空间的烟雾管理系统，比如建筑物中的中庭。 这项工作继续了申请人在该领域的研究，其中进行了全尺寸实验，以研究补充空气速度对排烟系统有效性的影响，并验证用于模拟这些空间火灾的CFD模型。 本工作将使用经验证的CFD模型详细研究影响心房内 * 条件的参数，并调查申请人开发的相关性的适用范围。 这些相关性将提交给标准编写机构，以考虑纳入标准，以便工程师 * 在中庭烟雾管理系统的设计中使用。

The proposed research deals with fire*safety in subway cars and underground subway stations and tunnels and large*spaces in buildings. It continues the*research program of the applicant in these areas and capitalizes on the*knowledge and data gathered over the last few years from full-scale fire*experiments performed by the applicant. ***The proposed work focuses mostly on the*improvement and use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models for modelling*fires in subway cars, and underground subway stations to determine their impact*on passengers and the structure. Small-scale experiments using laboratory equipment,*such as the cone calorimeter, will be conducted to determine the fire*properties of materials used in subway cars, which will be used as inputs to the*CFD models. Comparisons will be made*between the numerical predictions and experimental data already obtained by the*applicant to determine whether the models can predict the fire characteristics*during the different stages of fire development and the heat release rate of*fires in traincars and subway stations, as well as smoke movement in the*stations and tunnels and the effectiveness of the ventilation systems. Occupant evacuation from the stations will*also be considered using both simple egress calculations and evacuation models*to determine the impact of fires on passengers and evaluate the effectiveness*of the available egress routes and evacuation strategies. The results of this*research would be of importance for the design of ventilation*systems in tunnels and subway stations and the tools developed can be used by fire departments to assist them in pre-planning their response to fires in these spaces.***Another part of the proposed research deals*with smoke management systems in large spaces, such as atria, found in*buildings. This work continues the*research of the applicant in this area in which full-scale experiments were*conducted to study the impact of make-up air velocity on the effectiveness of the*smoke exhaust systems and to validate CFD models used to model fires in these*spaces. This work will use the validated CFD models to study in detail the parameters that influence the*conditions in the atria and investigate the extend of applicability of the correlations developed by the applicant. These correlations will be submitted to standard writing bodies to be considered for inclusion in the standards so they can be used by engineers*for the design of the smoke management systems in atria.