Fault detection and isolation and fault tolerant building control systems

环境问题使能源效率成为研究重点。加拿大目前是世界第六大一次能源用户。其中很大一部分能源用于调节建筑物温度和湿度的舒适控制结构;大部分此类控制结构由该项目的工业合作伙伴Johnsons Control Inc（JCI）安装，运营和服务。 建筑物控制系统的当前安装显著地遭受传感器和致动器故障，或者调谐不佳的控制算法，导致能量的显著浪费。 因此，开发一个能够快速诊断故障并提供良好调谐的控制器的系统框架在经济和环境方面都很重要。事实上，JCI已经成立了一个完整的小组，即建筑效率研究小组，致力于探索实现能源效率的新方法。在实施容错建筑物控制时，加热和冷却设备的限制、设备的必要启动和关闭以及将条件保持在舒适区域内的期望自然地需要控制框架，该控制框架可以处理约束、非线性、响应不确定性、并以系统的方式考虑过程的最优性以及多变量性质。 从本质上讲， 可以通过精心设计的控制和故障处理框架来弥合的重大“能量差距”。出于这些考虑，本项目的目的是故障检测和隔离和容错建筑控制结构。预计这些成果将大大提高建筑结构的能源效率，从而在加拿大范围内产生积极的影响。

Environmental concerns have brought energy efficiency to the forefront of research priorities. Canada currently ranks as the world's sixth largest user of primary energy. A significant portion of that energy is spent by comfort control structures that regulate temperatures and humidity in buildings; a large percentage of such control structures are installed, operated and serviced by the industrial partner for this project, Johnsons Control Inc (JCI). Current installation of building control systems suffer significantly from sensor and actuator faults, or poorly tuned control algorithms, resulting in significant wastage of energy. Development of a systematic framework that can quickly diagnose faults, and provide well tuned controllers is therefore important, both economically, and environmentally. Indeed, JCI has established an entire group, The Building Efficiency Research Group, dedicated to exploring new ways of achieving energy efficiency. In implementing fault tolerant building control, the limitations of heating and cooling equipment, the necessary start ups and shutdowns of equipment, as well as the desire to hold conditions within comfortable regions naturally requires a control framework that can handle constraints, nonlinearities, respond to uncertainties, and account for optimality, as well as the multivariable nature of the process in a systematic manner. In essence, there is a significant `energy gap' that can be bridged by well designed control and fault-handling frameworks for building control. Motivated by these considerations, this project aims at fault detection and isolation and fault-tolerant building control structures. The results are expected to significantly improve the energy efficiency of building structures leading to a positive Canada-wide impact.