L'ADN environnemental comme nouvel outil de gestion de la faune piscicole au Québec

在魁北克，MFFP必须确保野生动物开发的保护和和谐发展，而SÉPAQ，最大的休闲渔网，必须从保护的角度管理和发展野生动物保护区，同时确保其运营的盈利能力。水生资源的健全管理需要可靠地估计群落组成，然后估计环境干扰或过度开发是否会导致群落变化低于可接受的水平。环境DNA分析（Environmental DNA Analysis, eDNA）是一种革命性的工具，可以在不操纵所研究生物的情况下检测水中的DNA痕迹，并提供了一种低成本的替代方法，而传统的采样会破坏所研究的物种。我们的总体目标将是开发eDNA分析方案，以优化该方法在水生物种管理中的当前使用。将有五个目标；i)评估生物和非生物因素对eDNA持续和扩散的影响；ii)评估生物信息学采样和分析策略对物种丰富度估算的影响；iii)记录开发湖泊中eDNA数量与鳟鱼生物量的对应关系，并根据eDNA信息建立相对丰度预测模型；iv)开发一个用户友好的软件来处理eDNA数据，以适应我们合作伙伴的需求；v)比较cDNA分析与传统监测方法的成本节约，并评估管理人员和资源使用者对eDNA分析用于休闲捕鱼管理的利弊的看法。这个项目的结果可以让我们的合作伙伴彻底改变他们管理“鱼类资源”的方式，并通过将cDNA工具完全整合到他们的管理实践中来优化他们的操作。

In Quebec, the MFFP must ensure the conservation and harrmonious development of wildlife exploitation while the SÉPAQ, the largest recreational fishing network, must manage and develop wildlife reserves in a conservation perspective while ensuring the profitability of its operations. Sound management of aquatic resources requires reliable estimates of community composition and then whether environmental disturbances or over-exploitation result in community changes below acceptable levels. Environmental DNA Analysis (eDNA) is a revolutionary tool for detecting traces of DNA in water without manipulating the organisms studied and offering a low-cost alternative to traditional sampling that disrupts the species studied. Our general objective will be to develop eDNA analysis protocols to optimize the current use of this approach for the management of aquatic species. Five objectives will be targeted; i) Evaluate the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the persistence and diffusion of eDNA, ii) Evaluate the effect of the bioinformatic sampling and analysis strategy on the estimation of species richness, iii) Document the correspondence between the quantity of eDNA and brook trout biomass in exploited lakes and build a predictive model of relative abundance from eDNA information; iv) develop a user-friendly software to handle eDNA data adapted to the needs of our partners ; v) Compare the cost savings of cDNA analysis with traditional monitoring methods and assess the perception of managers and resource users about the advantages and disadvantages of eDNA analysis for the management of recreational fishing. The results of this project could allow our partners to revolutionize the way they manage the 'fish resource' and optimize their operations by fully integrating the cDNA tool into their management practices.