Resilient urban forests for Canadians: Adapting to climate change for enhanced tree-related benefits

城市森林与重要的生态系统服务有关，例如减少热量和改善空气质量，这对环境和人类健康都有益。随着气候变化（CC），这些好处将变得更加重要，但目前尚不清楚UF将如何受到CC的影响，这将如何影响人类健康，以及UF如何适应CC并更好地支持生态系统服务。这包括减少碳排放，这是加拿大有义务报告的。目前对加拿大超滤碳率的估计是基于在美国和/或天然林中进行的经验观察。这被认为是一个重要的不确定性来源，需要解决这一问题，以预测未来的超滤密度和组成，并调查假设，如果树木本身也受到负面影响，CC对人类的影响可能比以前认为的要大。树木大小和树冠形状等特征影响UF森林对CC的恢复能力和生态系统服务也不同于天然林。然而，城市树木的完整清单和关于树冠的数据的缺乏意味着建模和预测服务生产的相关数据是稀缺的。我们的目标是用更丰富的数据更好地描述UF，并确定开发弹性UF的最佳实践，以支持现在和未来的生态系统服务。

Urban forests (UF) are associated with important ecosystem services, such as reduced heat and improved airquality, which benefit both environmental and human health. These benefits will become even more importantwith climate change (CC), yet it is unclear how the UF will be impacted by CC, how that will affect humanhealth, and how the UF can be adapted to face CC and better support ecosystem services. This includesremoving carbon, which Canada has an obligation to report on. Current estimates of the UF carbon in Canadause rates based on empirical observations made in United States and/or in natural forests. This has beenidentified as an important source of uncertainty that needs to be addressed to forecast future UF density andcomposition, and to investigate the hypothesis that the effects of CC on people may be greater than previouslythought if trees are also themselves affected negatively. Features such as tree size and crown shape thatinfluence resilience to CC and ecosystem services in UF are also different than in natural forests. Yetincomplete inventories of urban trees and a paucity of data on canopies means that relevant data for modelingand prediction of service production is scarce. Our goal is to better characterize UF with richer data, and toidentify best practices for developing resilient UFs that will support ecosystem services now and in the future.