Assessing memory principles in individuals, models, and non-declarative memory

在科学研究的大多数领域，都有一些规律和原则是该领域研究和理论的基础。然而，在人类记忆的研究中，没有定律，也没有被广泛接受的原则（Roediger，2008）。缺乏一般原则的一个原因是记忆是由多个记忆系统组成的，每个系统都根据不同的规则运行（Tulving，1985; Wang Ferbinteanu，2019）。我们，是一个单纯的人。SIMPLE（Scale Independent Memory，Perception，and Learning; Brown，尼思，尼思）整合是个体使用其长期知识来帮助其回忆的过程（Hulme et al.，1991年）。Redintegration被用来解释词频效应（高频词比低频词更好的回忆），但不是声学相似性效应（发音不同的词比发音相似的词更好的回忆）。拟议的新原则是基于特征模型（尼思，2000年）的预测：只有当不需要重新整合时，才会观察到次要任务（如并发衔接）的破坏性影响。 目标3.非陈述性记忆的评估原则。虽然大多数记忆研究使用语言刺激，但有大量关于非语言，特别是非陈述性记忆（知道“如何”而不是知道“那个”）的文献。然而，在审查拟议的一般原则是否适用方面所做的工作很少。Tempel和Frings（2013）设计了一个程序来检查提取引起的运动动作遗忘，该范式将被调整以评估线索过载和相对独特性原则是否适用于运动动作。 这项研究是一个强有力的测试，人类记忆是否更好地解释了一个单一的帐户，其中存在系统范围的原则，或由多系统的观点，其中每个系统根据不同的规则运行。这些问题很重要，因为它们涉及人类记忆的基本性质。

In most areas of scientific inquiry, there are laws and principles that are the foundation of research and theory within that domain. In the study of human memory, however, there are no laws and few widely-accepted principles (Roediger, 2008). One reason offered for the absence of general principles is that memory is made up of multiple memory systems, each of which operates according to different rules (Tulving, 1985; Wang Ferbinteanu, 2019). In contrast, we (Surprenant with SIMPLE. SIMPLE (Scale Independent Memory, Perception, and Learning; Brown, Neath, Neath redintegration is the process whereby individuals use their long-term knowledge to help their recall (Hulme et al., 1991). Redintegration is invoked to explain findings like the word frequency effect (better recall of high than low frequency words) but not the acoustic similarity effect (better recall of dissimilar-sounding than similar-sounding words). The proposed new principle is based on a prediction of the Feature Model (Neath, 2000): Disruptive effects of secondary tasks (such as concurrent articulation) will be observed only when redintegration is not required. Objective 3. Assessing Principles in Non-Declarative Memory. Although most memory research uses verbal stimuli, there is a robust literature on non-verbal and especially non-declarative memory (knowing "how" rather than knowing "that"). However, there has been very little work on examining whether the proposed general principles apply. Tempel and Frings (2013) devised a procedure to examine retrieval induced forgetting of motor movements, and this paradigm will be adapted to assess whether the cue overload and relative distinctiveness principles apply to motor movements. The proposed research is a strong test of whether human memory is better explained by a unitary account in which there exist system-wide principles or by a multi-systems view in which each system operates according to different rules. The questions are important because they address the fundamental nature of human memory.