Up close and personal: galaxy evolution at high resolution in the Milky Way

自从星系形成研究开始以来，银河系 是宇宙中了解物理学的最佳地点之一 银河系演化今天尤其如此，当新的空间- 地面测量提供了位置、速度和 十亿颗恒星的基本恒星参数和详细的化学成分 恒星的丰度和年龄这些新的大型数据集 代表了一个巨大的机会， 银河系的演化历史，但分析数据和 由此推断出星系演化的重要元素， 一系列新的挑战。本提案中的工作将使 我们对盘状星系演化理解的下一个飞跃 比如银河系，通过对盖亚的分析和建模 数据和光谱SDSS数据。 这项建议将侧重于以下领域。第一、 下一代光度和光谱数据分析， 机器学习：我们将开发新的机器学习， 特定的人工智能方法来确定 SDSS-V的恒星参数、丰度、距离和年龄 数以百万计的高分辨率恒星光谱数据集，TESS 数百万颗恒星的光变曲线数据集， 来自盖亚的10亿颗恒星的分光光度数据集。这将提供 一个大的，高质量的数据样本。其次，我们将使用这个新的数据集， 来研究这个星球的详细结构、动力学和演化， 银河系中央棒/凸起区域的当前稀疏采样。 最后，我们将研究的垂直结构的 银河系的圆盘靠近太阳，朝向圆盘的外缘 通过新的数据和模拟来了解 我们和其他群体在垂直结构上的扰动 以及这些扰动如何影响最近的进化 银河系的中心这些调查的结合将提供 对银河系演化的新见解，从最早的 从现在开始，直到今天。

Ever since the dawn of galaxy-formation studies, the Milky Way has been one of the best places in the Universe to learn about the physics of galaxy evolution. This is especially true today, when new space- and ground-based surveys are providing positions, velocities, and basic stellar parameters for a billion stars and detailed chemical abundances and ages for millions of stars. These new large data sets represent an enormous opportunity to learn about the detailed evolutionary history of the Milky Way, but analyzing the data and deducing the important elements of galaxy evolution from this presents a novel set of challenges as well. The work in this proposal will make the next leap in our understanding of the evolution of disk galaxies like the Milky Way, by analysis and modeling of the astrometric Gaia data and spectroscopic SDSS data. This proposal will focus on the following areas. Firstly, next-generation photometric and spectroscopic data analysis using machine learning: we will develop new machine-learning and in particular artificial-intelligence methods to determine precise stellar parameters, abundances, distances, and ages for the SDSS-V data set of millions of high-resolution stellar spectra, the TESS data set of lightcurves of millions of stars, and the billion-star spectrophotometric data set from Gaia. This will provide a large, high-quality data sample. Secondly, we will use this new data set to study the detailed structure, dynamics, and evolution of the currently-sparsely-sampled central bar/bulge region of the Milky Way. Finally, we will investigate the vertical structure of the Milky Way's disk near the Sun and towards the outer edge of the disk with the new data and with simulations to understand the origin of perturbations in the vertical structure that we and other groups have recently found and how these perturbations affect the recent evolution of the Milky Way. The combination of these investigations will provide new insights into the evolution of the Milky Way, from its earliest beginnings until the present day.