The impacts of once through cooling on fall and spring spawning fish

麦克马斯特大学、里贾纳大学和布鲁斯鲍尔合作研究了一次性冷却水对春季（黄鲈鱼）和秋季（圆白鲑和湖白鲑）产卵鱼的生物学影响。 白鲑（Coregonus clupeaformis）和黄鲈鱼（Perca flavescens）是原住民和梅蒂斯人等土著群体的重要商业和文化资源;圆白鲑（Prosopium cylindraceum）对温度敏感，在五大湖的数量面临着显著下降。 我们的研究将集中在温度对胚胎发生（鲈鱼）和孵化后时期（鲈鱼，白鱼）的影响，并了解休伦湖这些物种的种群遗传学和栖息地利用。 这项研究将为布鲁斯电力公司提供必要的信息，以评估白鱼和鲈鱼是否对布鲁斯核电开发（BNPD）的热排放敏感。BNPD拥有使用直流冷却的CANDU核电反应堆;大量湖水冷却涡轮机大厅，温水被排出。 以往的研究表明，温度是一次性冷却对白鲑发育的主要胁迫，高温饲养引起不同的孵化表型。 我们将重点关注胚胎温度应激是否影响鱼类孵化后。 此外，我们寻求了解的栖息地使用和人口基因组的白鲑和鲈鱼产卵在BNPD附近的近岸地区。 先前的研究表明，产卵聚集的白鱼可能代表了一个高度混合组的鱼从主盆地。 本研究将在三个主题领域进行基础和应用研究：（1）升高和变化的孵化温度对白鲑孵化和幼鱼的影响;（2）升高和变化的孵化温度对黄鲈胚胎发生、孵化和幼鱼的影响;以及（3）基因组和稳定同位素研究，以了解BNPD附近白鱼和鲈鱼物种的潜在种群结构和栖息地利用。

McMaster University, the University of Regina, and Bruce Power have partnered together to study the biological effects of once through cooling water on spring (yellow perch) and fall (round and lake whitefish) spawning fish. Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) are commercially and culturally important resources to Indigenous groups including First Nations and Metis; round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) are thermally sensitive and populations have faced significant declines in the Great Lakes. Our research will focus on the impacts of temperature on embryogenesis (perch) and the post-hatching period (perch, whitefish) and in understanding the population genetics and habitat use by these species in Lake Huron. This research will provide Bruce Power Inc with necessary information to assess whether whitefish and perch are sensitive to thermal emissions from the Bruce Nuclear Power Development (BNPD). BNPD has CANDU nuclear power reactors that use once-through cooling; large volumes of lake water cool the turbine hall and warm water is discharged. Prior research showed that temperature was the major stress from once-through cooling for whitefish development and rearing with elevated temperature caused distinct hatching phenotypes. We will focus on whether embryonic temperature stress impacts the fish post-hatch. In addition, we seek to understand the habitat use and population genomics of whitefish and perch that spawn in the nearshore area around BNPD. Prior research suggests that spawning aggregates of whitefish may represent a highly mixed group of fish from the main basin. Fundamental and applied research will be performed in three theme areas: (1) the effects of elevated and variable incubation temperature on whitefish hatchlings and juveniles; (2) the effects of elevated and variable incubation temperature on yellow perch embryogenesis, hatchlings, and juveniles; and (3) genomic and stable isotope studies to understand underlying populations structure and habitat use of whitefish and perch species near the BNPD.