Investigation and implementation of pulse-electro thermal de-icing in commercial electric vehicles

各种车辆的透明挡风玻璃，如汽车、轨道车辆（包括火车、有轨电车、机车、雪地车、飞机、直升机和海船），必须使用可用的车载电源进行装置或除霜。通常，除冰和除霜是通过将车辆发动机加热的空气吹到挡风玻璃上来完成的，这对电动汽车的采用是不利的，因为除冰、除雾和一般的冬季条件会进一步降低电动汽车的续航里程，测试显示电动汽车在冬季会损失超过20%的续航里程。脉冲电热除冰（PETD）是解决这一问题的一项创新技术。它使用高密度的加热功率（W/m2），使用专有的脉冲和频率，允许快速和节能的除冰。脉冲和频率根据温度、冰生长类型等多种因素进行校准，并快速有效地融化薄界面层（~50微米）的冰。这样可以使冰分离，而不需要花费时间和精力来融化所有的冰。然而，将该技术应用于汽车挡风玻璃面临着一些挑战，包括与传统除冰技术相比，PETD技术的可行性和有效性；PETD系统和反馈传感器信号如何与车载电子控制模块集成？这会对其他车辆部件造成干扰吗？因此，该项目的目的是解决所有这些挑战，并验证PETD技术在汽车挡风玻璃除霜/除冰中的应用。该技术在上述应用中的成功验证将对电动汽车的节能和减少混合动力汽车对环境的温室气体排放产生巨大影响。

Transparent Windshields for various vehicles, such as cars, rail vehicles including trains, streetcars, and locomotives, snowmobiles, airplanes, helicopters and sea vessels, must be deiced or defrosted using available on-board power. Typically, deicing and defrosting are accomplished by blowing air heated by the vehicle's engine onto the windshield, which is a detriment to electric vehicle adoption because de-icing, defogging, and general winter conditions further reduce electric vehicle range, with tests showing EVs losing over 20% of their range in the winter. Pulse-electro thermal deicing (PETD) is an innovative technology that can solve this problem. It uses a high density of heating power (W/m2) using proprietary pulse and frequency, which allows for rapid and energy-efficient deicing. The pulse and frequency are calibrated based on a number of factors such as temperature, type of ice growth, etc., and melt a thin interfacial layer (~50 microns) of ice rapidly and energy efficiently. This detaches the ice, without having to expend the time and energy to melt all the ice. However, applying this technology to automotive windshield poses several challenges including the feasibility and effectiveness of the PETD technology compared with traditional deicing techniques; How the PETD system and the feedback sensor signals can be integrated with the vehicle electronic control module?; Will that cause interference with other vehicle components? It is therefore the purpose of this project to address all these challenges and validate the use of PETD technology for automotive windshield defrosting/deicing. The successful validation of this technology in the above-mentioned applications will have tremendous effect on energy saving for electric vehicles as well as the reduction of greenhouse gas emission to the environment for hybrid-electric vehicles.