Advanced Hybrid SFA/EMTP Simulator for Seamless Integration of Power Systems Dynamics and EMT Transients

预计到2050年，全球70%的电能将来自风能和太阳能。这种不断增加的逆变器发电（IBG）正在削弱传统大型水热同步发电机的等效机械惯性和电力系统通过正常系统动力学的能力。传统的电力系统稳态和动态运行分析软件，如潮流、暂态和动态稳定、电压和频率稳定等，都是基于对电力系统的相量分析和对发电机机电方程的求解。这种方法在高机械惯性的假设下是有效的，这使得系统时间常数对于故障和切换动作达到毫秒级，或者对于负载/发电调节器控制达到秒级。然而，随着ibg的渗透和系统机械惯性的减小，稳态运行中的扰动将产生更强的角度、电压和频率偏差，系统调节器和系统继电器设置的限制将需要修订。另一方面，与交流电网相互作用的IBG子系统和其他电力电子设备的解决方案通常由工作在微秒范围内的EMT软件完成。目前正在努力将相量解决方案与EMT解决方案相结合。然而，由于两个不同性质、不同求解方法和不同集成步骤的系统之间的接口存在概念上和数值上的困难，因此需要对这些问题进行基础研究，以开发通用仿真软件，使其能够无缝集成使用相量或EMT方法建模的任意数量的子系统。本提案中工作的主要动机是找到更好的解决方案来解决相量和EMT系统的接口问题，以改进或消除当前的限制。我们希望开发通用的解决方案，可以无缝地连接任何数量的子系统，表示为相量或EMT，而不必使用迭代，减少等量物，或缓冲区。为了实现这些目标，必须解决一些数字和基本概念问题。在加拿大，NSERC的发现基金是支持实现这些突破所需的基础研究的适当基金。这些解决方案对电力系统社区的影响是深远的，因为工业正在从基本的60 Hz系统过渡到混合系统。

It is expected that for the year 2050, 70% of the total electrical energy in the world will be based on wind and solar. This continuously increasing amount of Inverter Based Generation (IBG) is weakening the equivalent mechanical inertia of traditional large hydro and thermal synchronous generators and the ability of the power system to ride through normal system dynamics. Traditional power systems analysis software for steady state and dynamic system operation, such as power flow, transient and dynamic stability, and voltage and frequency stability, are based on phasor analysis for the electrical system and solving the electromechanical equations for the generators. This approach is valid under the assumption of high mechanical inertia that brings the system time constants to the order of the milliseconds for faults and switching actions, or seconds for load/generation governor control. However, with the penetration of IBGs and the decrease of the system's mechanical inertia, the disturbances in the steady state operation will give rise to stronger deviations in angle, voltage, and frequency, and the limits imposed by the system regulators and the settings of the system relays will need revisions. On the other hand, the solution of the IBG subsystems and other power electronics equipment that interact with the AC grid is normally done with EMT software that works in the range of the microseconds. Strong efforts are currently being made to integrate phasor solutions with EMT solutions. However, because of the conceptual and numerical difficulties involved in interfacing two systems of different nature, with different solution methods, and different integration steps, fundamental research into these issues is needed for developing general purpose simulation software that can seamlessly integrate an arbitrary number of subsystems modelled with phasor or EMT methods. The main motivation of the work in this proposal is to find better solutions to the issues of interfacing phasor and EMT systems that improve on or remove the current limitations. We want to develop general solutions that can join seamlessly any number of subsystems represented as phasor or EMT, without having to use iterations, reduced equivalents, or buffer zones. A number of numerical and fundamental conceptual issues have to be addressed to achieve these objectives. The NSERC Discovery grant is the apropriate grant in Canada to supports the fundamental research needed to achieve these breakthroughs. The impact of these solutions is far reaching in the power systems community as industry makes its transition from a fundamentally 60 Hz system to a hybrid system.