Improving the Spatial Awareness of Virtual Agents in Games

许多现代游戏都包含人工智能代理，作为玩家的对手、同伴/追随者，甚至只是旁观者。这些非玩家角色（NPC）代理有不同的角色，但他们都需要以一种对玩家有意义的方式与游戏环境互动。然而，具有空间意识的NPC行为却很少见，大多数NPC执行的是简单、刻板和脚本化的行为，这表明他们对与其预期活动相关的空间属性知之甚少。游戏中的高级对手可能会“寻找掩体”或模仿其他战略行为，但他们这样做是基于嵌入的手动空间指定和非常简单（且高度本地化）的空间属性。角色通常不能真实地隐藏，潜行，探索，伏击或以其他方式利用任意空间，或具有动态变化属性的空间。npc往往会干扰彼此和玩家，并在游戏开发者无法预见的情况下做出过于简单、显然不合理的选择，从而与玩家对代理行为的预期相矛盾，从而引发挫败感。本研究旨在提高现代电脑游戏中人工智能体的技术能力和交互质量。它的目标是机械效益，其中存在算法潜力，以更好地分析和抽象虚拟空间，以提高环境意识。以不同的方式“总结”世界状态的各个方面，以更好地、更紧凑地呈现与普通移动和战略规划问题相关的空间质量，这对于提高NPC所做决策的质量具有重要的潜力，无论是应用于脚本较少的游戏战斗模拟中的对手，还是需要将其行为与高级玩家期望保持一致的非战斗NPC。这项工作解决了开发适合不同空间任务的抽象的挑战，重点关注与使用可见性和感知相关的核心问题。这与实时计算需求（典型的交互环境）以及游戏等快速开发环境中必要的实际执行设计和工具的需求相结合。游戏在推动人工智能的发展方面有着悠久的历史。现代游戏不断提高这一标准，呈现出越来越详细的虚拟情境，呈现出越来越多的代理和环境，因此越来越需要展示理性和有效的行为。这项研究工作有利于加拿大在游戏开发行业的强大存在，并为人工智能在不断增长的现实世界虚拟环境集成中的实际应用提供有用的抽象和技术。

Many modern games incorporate artificially intelligent agents, as opponents, companions/followers for the player, or even just as bystanders.  These Non-Player Character (NPC) agents have different roles, but all of them are required to interact with the game environment in a way that makes sense to the player.  Spatially aware NPC behaviours, however, are rare, with most NPCs enacting simple, stereotypical and heavily scripted behaviours that indicate little understanding of spatial properties relevant to their intended activities.  Advanced opponents in games may "take cover" or mimic other strategic behaviours, but they do so based on embedded, manual space designations and very simple (and highly localized) properties of the space. Characters in general are not able to realistically hide, sneak, explore, ambush, or otherwise exploit an arbitrary space, or one with dynamic, changing properties.  NPCs tend to interfere with each other and the player, and make overly simple, apparently irrational choices in contexts not foreseen by the game developer, inducing frustration by contradicting a player's expectation of how an agent should behave. This research aims to improve the technical capability and interactive qualities of artificial agents in modern computer games.  It is aimed at the mechanical benefits, where algorithmic potential exists to better analyze and abstract a virtual space to improve environmental awareness.  "Summarizing" aspects of the world state in different ways to better, and more compactly represent spatial qualities relevant to common movement and strategic planning problems has significant potential for improving the quality of decisions made by an NPC, whether applied to opponents in less-scripted game combat simulation, or to non-combat NPCs that need to align their behaviour with high-level player expectations.  This work addresses challenges in developing abstractions appropriate to different spatial tasks, focussing on core issues related to use of visibility and perception.  This is coupled with efficiency requirements due to real-time computation concerns, typical of interactive environments, as well as the need for practical implementation designs and tooling necessary in rapid development contexts like games. Games have a long history of pushing the boundaries of artificial intelligence.  Modern games continue to raise that bar in presenting virtual contexts that represent agents and environments in increasing detail, and thus with increasing need to demonstrate rational and effective behaviour.  This research work benefits Canada's strong presence in the game development industry, and offers abstractions and techniques useful for the practical use of artificial intelligence in the growing, real-world integration of virtual environments.