Earthquake Geology

加拿大人可能没有意识到，我们大多数人生活在地震之乡，但破坏性地震令人惊讶地常见，从西海岸活跃的俯冲板块边界，到魁北克地震带西部鲜为人知的频繁活动，以及马里泰姆和远北地区罕见但意义重大的地震。为了在全国范围内促进地震灾害的抗灾能力，我的目标是通过在科学理解地震发生的原因和控制方面取得根本性进展，以及通过一个旨在了解加拿大东部最近的史前地震活动并促进跨学科交流和公共外联的自信计划，做出贡献。为了实现这些目标，我将追求三个目标：1.了解对地震周期的控制，重点是破裂传播和地震间愈合，以及这些因素如何影响地震规模和复发间隔。这一系列研究源于这样一种认识，即岩石和构造断层的强度最终受控于单个矿物颗粒和颗粒边界的尺度。进行这些研究的唯一方法是研究出土的古代断裂带，这些断裂带代表了各种各样的深度、温度、岩石类型和构造背景。2.阐明当地震破裂从结晶岩突破到接近地球表面的更软的颗粒状物质时，它们是如何变化的。这些变化不仅影响过去地表断层的地质记录，还控制着场地效应，这些效应决定了震动的强度和频率，以及即使在同一地震期间，震动在不同地点之间的变化情况。3.开发概念工具，帮助地球科学家从对断层的观察中提取更有意义的理解。几十年的术语问题和继承的范式阻碍了地震科学不同领域之间的交流。通过跨学科讨论小组、团队数据库和审查论文，我正在领导一项努力，以综合现有的知识，并简化有用的和可概括的术语。

Canadians may not be aware that most of us live in Earthquake Country, but damaging earthquakes are surprisingly common, from the active subduction plate boundary off the west coast, to the poorly understood frequent activity in the Western Québec Seismic Zone, and the rare but significant earthquakes in the Maritimes and far North. To promote earthquake hazard resilience across the country, I aim to contribute through fundamental advances in scientific understanding of the causes and controls on earthquake occurrence, and through an assertive program aimed at understanding recent pre-historic earthquake activity in eastern Canada and promoting interdisciplinary communication and public outreach. To achieve these aims, I will pursue three aims:1. To understand controls on the earthquake cycle, focussing on rupture propagation and interseismic healing, and how these influence earthquake size and recurrence intervals. This line of research arises from the recognition that the strength of rocks, and of tectonic faults, is ultimately controlled at the scale of individual mineral grains and grain boundaries. The only way to pursue these studies is to study exhumed, ancient fault zones which represent a wide variety of depths, temperatures, rock types and tectonic settings. 2. To elucidate how earthquake ruptures change when they break through from crystalline rock to softer granular materials near the Earth's surface. These changes not only affect the geologic record of past faulting at the surface, but they also control site effects that determine the intensity and frequency of shaking and how it varies between locations even during the same earthquake. 3. To develop conceptual tools that help geoscientists extract more meaningful understanding from observations of faults. Decades-old jargon problems and inherited paradigms frustrate the communication between different fields in earthquake science. Through interdisciplinary discussion groups and team databases and review papers, I am leading an effort to synthesize available knowledge and streamline useful and generalizable terminology.