Climate Dynamics

儿童权利委员会研究方案的长期目标是以Beltrami的主要研究领域为基础，即全面描述低层大气和地壳前几百米之间的热量和质量传输制度。拟议的计划围绕四个轴：(1)地球能量不平衡(EEI)：地球温度。(2)古气候模拟(3)多年冻土演化(4)太空陆地。要了解地球气候未来将如何变化，以及地球气候对大气温室气体浓度(GHG)的增加有多敏感，最基本的量是地球能量含量的变化及其时间演变。也就是说，地球因大气温室气体增加而保留的过剩能量。EEI的不确定性是阻碍对未来气候变化进行适当评估的最紧迫问题之一。气候系统中的过剩能量储存在海洋(90%)、陆地(5%)、冰冻圈(3%)和大气(2%)中。我们将对土地变化热量分量的估计做出贡献。地热影响地面以上的温度，并与土壤水分一起触发极端温度事件，从而影响森林火灾的强度。此外，世界土壤表层几米处的碳含量约为大气的三倍。45%的土壤碳仅限于永久冻土区。大陆热量的增加增加了破坏土壤和永久冻土结合碳的可能性，导致温室气体增加到大气中(即正反馈)。为了监测EEI的地热分量，我们将收集世界各地的地下温度分布。更大的数据空间覆盖率将有助于减少土地热不确定性。测量地球温度还将提供过去500年来过去地面温度的更可靠的非替代记录。此外，我们将使用卫星数据来估计陆地热通量。来自上面和下面的数据将被输入到陆地表面和区域气候模型中，以研究具有潜在全球气候反馈的近地面现象。每个轴的结果将为与地球能源库存、空-地模拟、永久冻土稳定性以及陆地温度和地表能量平衡有关的问题带来新的知识。结果将有助于评估全球气候模型的未来预测。

The long-term objective of the CRC research program is based on Beltrami's main area of research which is the overall characterization of the heat and mass transfer regime between the lower atmosphere and the first few hundred meters of the Earth's crust. The proposed program is articulated around four axes (1) Earth Energy Imbalance (EEI): The Temperature of the Earth. (2) Paleoclimate Modelling (3) Evolution of Permafrost (4) Land from Space. The fundamental quantity for understanding how our planet's climate will change in the future and how sensitive Earth's climate is to increases in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHG), is the change in Earth's energy content and its temporal evolution. That is, the excess energy which the Earth retains because of the increased atmospheric GHGs. Uncertainty in the EEI is one of the most urgent issues hindering the proper evaluation of future climate change. Excess energy in the climate system is stored in the Oceans (90%), Land (5%), Cryosphere (3%), and Atmosphere (2%). We will contribute to the estimate of the land changing heat component. Land heat affects the temperature above the ground and, along with soil moisture, acts as a trigger for extreme temperature events, which influence the intensity of forest fires. In addition, the upper few meters of the world's soil contain about three times as much carbon as the atmosphere. Forty five percent of soil carbon is confined to permafrost regions. Increases in continental heat raise the potential of destabilizing soil and permafrost bounded carbon, leading to an addition of GHGs to the atmosphere (i.e., a positive feedback). To monitor the land heat component of EEI, we will be collecting subsurface temperature profiles around the world. Larger data spatial coverage will help to reduce land heat uncertainties. Measuring the temperature of the Earth will also provide for a more robust non-proxy, record of past ground surface temperature for the last 500 years. In addition, we will use satellite data to estimate land heat fluxes. Data, from above and below, will be put into land surface and regional climate models to study phenomena near the ground with potential global climate feedback. Outcomes from each axis will bring new knowledge to issues related to Earth's energy inventory, air-ground modeling, permafrost stability, and land temperature and surface energy balance. Results will contribute to assessing Global Climate Models' future projections.