Antenna Analysis, Design and Measurement Techniques

加拿大无线行业在系统和设备层面上不断创新，为加拿大人提供基本服务，并拥有数千名员工。无线通信无处不在，如果有任何东西是无线的（与有线相反），天线是必需的。拟议的研究的目的是推进工具的分析，设计和测量改进的天线，为许多新兴的无线应用。贯穿整个提案的一个主题是让电磁学直接指导我们实现我们期望的性能所需的天线形状。换句话说，在天线设计中使用形状合成。 无线应用中所需的一种天线类型是必须适合便携式设备（例如手持电话和传感器，一般称为平台）的拥挤环境的天线类型，因此设计起来越来越困难。在单个平台上可能需要几个天线，每个天线的性能受到其他天线和平台的影响。在电话的情况下，这样的天线现在需要可以电子操纵的波束。分配给特定天线的空间可能会妨碍使用传统设计。新的形状合成方法将促进这种设计。由于无法满足的容量需求，开发中的无线系统将使用更小的小区（系统基站与用户通信的区域），这些小区利用毫米波频带，未来高达90 GHz。这些频率的高传播损耗将被利用来防止小区相互干扰。但这意味着另一类天线，即更高方向性天线（窄波束），也需要作为系统的一部分。为了满足严格的成本限制，天线必须使用印刷（包括3D）技术。在毫米波频率下，常规高方向性印刷阵列的波束形成电路中的信号损耗是限制因素。形状合成提供了合成替代的更高方向性的传导和介电天线的希望，具有降低的损耗，具有期望的物理低剖面。拟议的研究将推进我们的工作天线形状合成显着扩展的应用范围，我们现有的形状合成可以应用。我们将通过实施和开发我们最近设计的全新的“减法/加法形状合成”方法来实现这一目标;它可以克服当前形状合成方法所遇到的许多障碍和限制。我们还将在这个新过程中注入更多的计算智能，以及我们现有的成形算法，以提高执行这种形状合成的计算速度。这是必不可少的，如果形状合成是成为一个良好的使用设计途径，是补充更传统的设计方法在无线工程实践。

The Canadian wireless industry continues to be innovative at both the system and equipment level, provides essential services to Canadians, and employs thousands. Wireless communications pervades everything, and if anything is wireless (as opposed to wired) antennas are required. The objective of the proposed research is to advance the tools for the analysis, design and measurement of improved antennas for the many emerging wireless applications. A theme running through the proposal is that of letting the electromagnetics directly guide us as to the shape of the antennas needed to achieve the performance we desire. In other words, the use of shape synthesis in antenna design. One antenna type needed in wireless applications is that which must fit in the crammed environment of portable devices (such as handheld phones and sensors, generically referred to as platforms) and so has been increasingly difficult to design. Several antennas may be needed on a single platform, each of whose performance is influenced by the others and the platform. In the case of phones, such antennas now need beams that can be electronically steered. The space allotted to a particular antenna may prevent conventional designs from being used. New shape synthesis methods will facilitate such designs. Wireless systems under development will use smaller cells (zones in which the system base-station communicates with a user) that utilize millimetre-wave bands, as high as 90 GHz in the future, due to insatiable capacity demands. The high propagation losses at these frequencies will be exploited to keep cells from interfering with each other. But this means that another class of antenna, namely higher directivity antennas (narrow beams), are also needed as part of the system. To satisfy aggressive cost constraints the antennas must use printed (including 3D) technology. At millimetre-wave frequencies the signal losses in the beamforming circuits of conventional high directivity printed arrays are a limiting factor. Shape synthesis offers the promise of synthesizing alternative higher directivity conducting and dielectric antennas with decreased losses, with desirable physically low profiles. The proposed research will advance our work on antenna shape synthesis by significantly extending the range of applications to which our existing shape synthesis can be applied. We will achieve this by implementing and developing the completely new "subtractive/additive shape synthesis" approach we have recently devised; it can overcome many of the obstacles and limitations experienced by current shape synthesis methods. We will also infuse more computational intelligence into this new process, and our existing shaping algorithms, to increase the computational speed at which such shape synthesis can be performed. This is essential if shape synthesis is to become a well-used design pathway that is complementary to more conventional design methods in wireless engineering practice.