Computational Human Body Models to Investigate Neck Response and Potential for Injury in Impact Environments

意外伤害是全世界住院和死亡的主要原因。世界卫生组织估计，全球每年因道路交通事故造成125万人死亡，多达5 000万人受伤。碰撞引起的伤害被认为是可以预防的，加拿大交通部已承诺减少道路交通死亡和严重伤害的数量。美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）已经确定了能够预测伤害的计算机模型和人体模型（HBM）作为提高安全性的重要生物力学优先事项的重要性。先进的有限元建模已经成功地应用于复杂的HBM环境中，具有更高的速度和更低的成本计算，在过去十年中取得了重大进展。然而，目前的知识差距包括损伤预测能力、活动肌肉组织的结合以及性别/体型对碰撞场景中损伤结果的影响。申请人领导的冲击生物力学项目的长期目标是开发生物力学（类似于人体的反应）和脆弱（类似于人体组织的持续损伤）数值模型，以解释实验和流行病学数据，调查冲击反应和损伤机制，并产生减轻损伤的新方法。该计划与全球汽车行业致力于人体模型开发和验证的努力相结合，以推进目前最详细的HBM，包括中型（第50百分位，M50）男性和小型（第5百分位，F05）女性模型，以应对紧迫的安全挑战。这种新颖而复杂的模型对于评估碰撞安全性、减少车辆设计周期、采用轻质材料、通过虚拟评估和增强碰撞安全性来实现加拿大2025年减排目标至关重要。该研究项目将建立在HBM以前和现有活动的基础上。该计划的目标是：a)进一步加强创伤性和低严重程度损伤评估的HBM。b)调查人的反应、潜在伤害和减轻伤害战略，以解决正面、侧面撞击和侧翻中的紧急碰撞安全问题。该计划的结果将使我们能够通过对损伤机制的基本理解来克服物理测试的局限性，并最终开发预测模型来减轻损伤。在这个项目中训练的学生将非常适合为交通、保护和安全部门做出贡献。由此产生的新知识将为全球研究界提供预测伤害的新方法，旨在减少cii，使所有加拿大人受益，并支持加拿大交通部减少道路交通死亡人数的目标。

Accidental injury is a leading cause of hospitalization and fatality throughout the world. The World Health Organization estimates 1.25 million fatalities and up to 50 million injuries per year, globally, resulting from road traffic accidents. Crash Induced Injuries (CII) are recognized as preventable and Transport Canada has committed to reducing the number of road traffic fatalities and serious injuries.The US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified the importance of computer models and Human Body Models (HBM) capable of predicting injury as a vital biomechanics priority to improve safety. Advanced finite element modeling has been used successfully in the complex HBM environment with higher-speed and lower-cost computing enabling significant advances over the last decade. However, gaps in current knowledge include injury prediction capabilities, incorporation of active musculature, and gender/size effects on injury outcome in crash scenarios. The long-term goal of the Impact Biomechanics program led by the applicant is to develop biofidelic (response similar to the human body) and frangible (sustains damage similar to human tissues) numerical models to: interpret experimental and epidemiological data, investigate impact response and injury mechanisms, and to generate new approaches to mitigate injury.The proposed program integrates with a global automotive industry effort dedicated to the development and validation of human body models, to advance the most detailed HBM in existence today, including a mid-sized (50th percentile, M50) male and small stature (5th percentile, F05) female model, to address urgent safety challenges. This novel and sophisticated modeling is essential to assess crash safety, to reduce vehicle design cycle times, and for the adoption of lightweight materials to meet Canada's 2025 reduced emissions goal through virtual evaluation and enhancement of crash safety. This research program will build on previous and existing activities in HBM. The objectives of this program are to:a) Further enhance HBM for traumatic and low severity injury assessment. b) Investigate human response, the potential for injury, and injury mitigation strategies to address urgent crash safety issues in frontal, lateral impact and rollover.The outcomes of the proposed program will enable us to overcome limitations of physical testing by gaining a fundamental understanding of injury mechanisms and ultimately the development of predictive models to mitigate injury. The students trained in this program will be exceptionally well placed to contribute to the transportation, protection, and safety sectors. The resulting new knowledge will provide the global research community with novel methods for predicting injury, aiming to reduce CIIs to benefit all Canadians and support Transport Canada's goal to reduce road traffic fatalities.