Environmental and climatic risk of degradation of network structures

研究计划的总体目标是评估在不同气候条件下一组结构对道路网络的环境影响。环境影响考虑了退化、维持和恢复活动对气候变化、生态系统质量、人类健康和自然资源的影响。加拿大境内的气象和化学条件特别影响土木工程结构的退化。拟议的研究包括三个主要的科学阶段。第一阶段建立国家、省、大城市三级典型网络。数据可以从气象站收集，在加拿大不同地区的路面上侵略性药剂应用政策的调查，以及交通量。MeXStUL移动气象站可以部署在特定地点。建筑物的暴露可以在每个元素的局部水平上量化。第二阶段包括追求非线性模型的发展，以评估结构的腐蚀退化，如TransChlor2Dr。该模型的优点在于它考虑了在第一阶段所研究的结构元件的真实暴露。计划在该模型中插入其他病理。阶段3包括对阶段1中选择的结构使用非线性模型。在结构安全性和使用能力两个层面上，在单元和整体两个尺度上对状态进行评估。使用结果树的分析允许我们从每个元素获得结构的全局评级，考虑到整个结构中每个元素的脆弱性。第4阶段包括考虑结构维护和替换的历史或场景，并以时间方式评估网络索引。该网络指数考虑了网络的脆弱性，例如某些结构完全或部分关闭、绕行、对用户的影响（拥塞、时间损失等）。该指数结合了在生命周期分析中确定的成本和环境因素，如气候变化、生态系统质量、人类健康和自然资源。然后将对这些数据进行优化分析。结构的可持续性是这些结构所有者的首要任务，网络保护活动的时间是基于当地标准和有限的预算。这个项目超越了业主通常的经济野心，因为它允许在几个尺度、元素、结构和一个全新的网络上进行决策的整合。此外，本研究整合了可持续发展工具，因为除了经济部分，环境部分将被整合，允许为决策者打开一个新的政治视角，这也将是这个决策的新概念的开始。

The overall objective of the research program is to evaluate the environmental impact of a group of structures on a road network under different climatic conditions. The environmental impact considers the influence of degradation, maintenance, and rehabilitation activities on climate change, ecosystem quality, human health, and natural resources. The degradations observed in civil engineering structures are especially influenced by meteorological and chemical conditions in the Canadian territory. The proposed research consists of three major scientific phases. Phase 1 establishes three typical networks at the national, provincial, and large city levels. Data can be collected from weather stations, surveys of aggressive agent application policies on the pavement in various regions of Canada, and the amount of traffic. A MeXStUL mobile weather station can be deployed at specific sites. The exposure of structures can be quantified at the local level for each element. Phase 2 consists of pursuing the development of nonlinear models to evaluate the degradation of structures by corrosion, such as TransChlor2Dr. The strength of this model is that it considers the real exposure of a structural element studied in phase 1. It is planned to insert other pathologies in this model. Phase 3 consists of using a nonlinear model on the structures selected in phase 1. The condition is evaluated at two levels, namely, the structural safety and serviceability levels, and at two scales, the element and the overall structure. An analysis using consequence trees allows us to obtain a global rating of the structure from each element, considering the vulnerability of each element in the entire structure. Phase 4 consists of considering the history or scenarios of maintenance and replacement of the structure and to evaluate a network index in a temporal manner. This network index considers the vulnerability of the network, such as the complete or partial closure of certain structures, detours, and the impact on users (congestion, lost time, etc.). This index is combined with the costs incurred and environmental factors, as established in the life cycle analyses, such as climate change, ecosystem quality, human health, and natural resources. Optimization analyses will then be performed on these data. The sustainability of the structures is a priority for the owners of these structures, and the timing of the network preservation activities is based on local criteria and a limited budget. This project goes beyond the usual economic ambitions of the owners because it allows the integration of a decision on several scales, elements, structures, and a completely new network. Moreover, this research integrates sustainable development tools because in addition to the economic part, the environmental part will be integrated, allowing the opening of a new political perspective for the decision makers, which will also be the beginning of a new conception of this decision-making.