FAP and FAPI-PET/CT in Malignant and Non-Malignant Diseases: A Perfect Symbiosis?
FAP and FAPI-PET/CT in Malignant and Non-Malignant Diseases: A Perfect Symbiosis?
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FAP和FAPI - PET/CT在恶性和非恶性疾病中：一种完美的共生关系？
DOI：
10.3390/cancers13194946
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发表时间：
2021-09-30
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Giesel FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dendl K;Koerber SA;Kratochwil C;Cardinale J;Finck R;Dabir M;Novruzov E;Watabe T;Kramer V;Choyke PL;Haberkorn U;Giesel FL
FAPI代表了一类新的放射性示踪剂，在几种恶性肿瘤中显示出与低背景噪声一致的高摄取率方面的有希望的结果。因此，FAPI-PET/CT实现了清晰的对比，便于分期以及肿瘤的勾画和检测。然而，FAP的过度表达也是出于几个非肿瘤原因，也允许良性适应症。本文根据FAP对肿瘤学和非肿瘤学FAPI-PET/CT的现状进行综述，以突出未来的前景，并确定迫切需要研究的领域。成纤维细胞激活蛋白(FAP)是一种非典型的II型跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶，具有内肽酶和后脯氨酸二肽基肽酶活性。FAP在癌症相关成纤维细胞(CAF)中过表达，CAF在大多数上皮性肿瘤中都有发现。CAF具有促进肿瘤细胞侵袭、血管生成和生长的作用，其存在与预后不良有关。然而，FAP通常在细胞外基质的重塑过程中被发现，因此可以在伤口愈合和良性疾病中检测到。例如，心肌梗死后的慢性炎症、关节炎、纤维化和心脏组织缺血都是FAP阳性疾病。因此，基于喹啉的FAP抑制剂(FAPIs)不仅与肿瘤具有高亲和力，而且与多种良性病理过程具有高亲和力。当这些抑制物被用发射正电子的放射性同位素放射性标记时，它们提供了新的诊断和预后工具，以及对微环境在疾病中的作用的洞察。在这方面，它们提供了常规FDG PET扫描提供的额外信息，这些扫描通常报告葡萄糖摄取。因此，FAP配体被认为是非常有前途的新型示踪剂，在各种疾病中提供了新的诊断和治疗潜力。
FAPI represents a novel class of radiotracers demonstrating promising results in terms of a high uptake in concordance with low background noise in several malignancies. Thereby, FAPI-PET/CT achieves sharp contrasts facilitating staging as well as tumor delineation and detection. However, FAP is also overexpressed for several non-oncological reasons allowing for benign indications as well. This review summarizes the current state of oncological and non-oncological FAPI-PET/CT in accordance with FAP in order to highlight future perspectives and identify areas where research is urgently warranted. A fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an atypical type II transmembrane serine protease with both endopeptidase and post-proline dipeptidyl peptidase activity. FAP is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are found in most epithelial tumors. CAFs have been implicated in promoting tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis and growth and their presence correlates with a poor prognosis. However, FAP can generally be found during the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and therefore can be detected in wound healing and benign diseases. For instance, chronic inflammation, arthritis, fibrosis and ischemic heart tissue after a myocardial infarction are FAP-positive diseases. Therefore, quinoline-based FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) bind with a high affinity not only to tumors but also to a variety of benign pathologic processes. When these inhibitors are radiolabeled with positron emitting radioisotopes, they provide new diagnostic and prognostic tools as well as insights into the role of the microenvironment in a disease. In this respect, they deliver additional information beyond what is afforded by conventional FDG PET scans that typically report on glucose uptake. Thus, FAP ligands are considered to be highly promising novel tracers that offer a new diagnostic and theranostic potential in a variety of diseases.
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DOI：
10.2147/ccid.s50046
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Darby IA;Laverdet B;Bonté F;Desmoulière A
通讯作者：
Desmoulière A
DOI：
10.1007/s00259-021-05203-8
发表时间：
2021-06
影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Dendl K;Koerber SA;Adeberg S;Röhrich M;Kratochwil C;Haberkorn U;Giesel FL
通讯作者：
Giesel FL
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Dohi O;Ohtani H;Hatori M;Sato E;Hosaka M;Nagura H;Itoi E;Kokubun S
通讯作者：
Kokubun S
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Ding L;Ye L;Xu J;Jiang WG
通讯作者：
Jiang WG
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Barth, PJ;Ebrahimsade, S;Moll, R
通讯作者：
Moll, R