Children's exposure to phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in the home: The TESIE study.
Children's exposure to phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in the home: The TESIE study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2019.105061
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发表时间：
2019-11
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Stapleton HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammel SC;Levasseur JL;Hoffman K;Phillips AL;Lorenzo AM;Calafat AM;Webster TF;Stapleton HM
邻苯二甲酸盐及其潜在替代品（包括非邻苯二甲酸盐增塑剂）由于存在于建筑材料、塑料和个人护理产品中，因此在家庭环境中无处不在。因此，接触这些化合物是普遍存在的。然而，暴露的主要途径以及了解家中哪些产品与特定暴露的相关性最强尚不清楚。我们试图研究配对的室内灰尘、手巾样本中的邻苯二甲酸酯和非邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂及其在儿童尿液样本中的相应代谢物 (n=180) 之间的关系。此外，我们将产品使用或家庭中材料的存在与所有化合物进行比较，以调查产品使用或存在与暴露之间的关系。 3-6 岁的儿童提供了手巾和尿液样本。由母亲或法定监护人完成问卷，以了解产品使用和住房特征，并在家访时从主要生活区收集房屋灰尘样本。在环境基质中经常检测到邻苯二甲酸盐和非邻苯二甲酸盐替代品。所有尿液样本中至少含有 19 种邻苯二甲酸盐或非邻苯二甲酸盐替代代谢物中的 13 种。手巾中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯 (BBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯的质量和粉尘浓度与其相应的尿液代谢物显着相关(rs=0.18–0.56，p<0.05)。粉尘中的对苯二甲酸双（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHTP）也与其尿代谢物呈显着正相关（rs=0.33，p<0.001）。乙烯基地板与特定邻苯二甲酸盐暴露（以环境基质和尿液生物标志物中的浓度表示）呈最显着且正相关的关系。特别是，居住在 100% 乙烯基地板的家庭中的儿童尿中邻苯二甲酸单苄酯（BBP 代谢物）的浓度比居住在没有乙烯基地板的家庭中的儿童高 15 倍 (p<0.0001)。在那些使用 100% 乙烯基地板的家庭中，手巾和灰尘中的 BBP 含量分别高出 3.5 倍和 4.5 倍（两者的 p<0.0001）。本文总结了迄今为止在北美进行的针对潜在住宅暴露源的最全面的邻苯二甲酸酯和非邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂调查之一。本文提供的数据提供的证据表明，皮肤接触和手-口行为是接触邻苯二甲酸酯和非邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂的重要来源。此外，在检查住宅对这些化合物的暴露情况时，乙烯基地板的百分比是一个重要的考虑因素。
Phthalates and their potential replacements, including non-phthalate plasticizers, are ubiquitous in home environments due to their presence in building materials, plastics, and personal care products. As a result, exposure to these compounds is universal. However, the primary pathways of exposure and understanding which products in the home are associated most strongly with particular exposures are unclear. We sought to investigate the relationships between phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in paired samples of house dust, hand wipes, and their corresponding metabolites in children’s urine samples (n=180). In addition, we compared product use or presence of materials in the household against all compounds to investigate the relationship between product use or presence and exposure. Children aged 3–6 years provided hand wipe and urine samples. Questionnaires were completed by mothers or legal guardians to capture product use and housing characteristics, and house dust samples were collected from the main living area during home visits. Phthalates and non-phthalate replacements were detected frequently in the environmental matrices. All urine samples had at least 13 of 19 phthalate or non-phthalate replacement metabolites present. Hand wipe mass and dust concentrations of diisobutyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di-isononyl phthalate were significantly associated with their corresponding urinary metabolites (rs=0.18–0.56, p<0.05). Bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) in dust was also significantly and positively correlated with its urinary metabolites (rs=0.33, p<0.001). Vinyl flooring was most significantly and positively associated with particular phthalate exposures (indicated by concentrations in environmental matrices and urinary biomarkers). In particular, children who lived in homes with 100% vinyl flooring had urinary concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate, a BBP metabolite, that were 15 times higher than those of children who lived in homes with no vinyl flooring (p<0.0001). Levels of BBP in hand wipes and dust were 3.5 and 4.5 times higher, respectively, in those homes with 100% vinyl flooring (p<0.0001 for both). This paper summarizes one of the most comprehensive phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizer investigation of potential residential exposure sources conducted in North America to date. The data presented herein provide evidence that dermal contact and hand-to-mouth behaviors are important sources of exposure to phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers. In addition, the percentage of vinyl flooring is an important consideration when examining residential exposures to these compounds.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.03.014
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
6
作者：
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